The snake in the grass— Salmonella arizonae gastroenteritis in a reptile handler

Foster, Nicholas; Kerr, Kevin G.

doi:10.1080/08035250510040359

Cited by 10 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 3 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Unclassified

Order By: Relevance

“…NeuAc is an important component of the bacterial cell wall because of the participation in the phenomenon of molecular mimicry . Salmonella strains belonging to the O-antigen somatic group O48 are described in the literature as an important etiological factor causing acute gastroenteritis in children [22, 23]. The presence of sialylated structures on the bacterial cell surface is a part of defense mechanism against the host immune system [24–26].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Comparison of the phylogenetic analysis of PFGE profiles and the characteristic of virulence genes in clinical and reptile associated Salmonella strains

et al. 2019

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Background Salmonella is generally considered as a human pathogen causing typhoid fever and gastrointestinal infections called salmonellosis, with S. Enteritidis and S. Typhimurium strains as the main causative agents. Salmonella enterica strains have a wide host array including humans, birds, pigs, horses, dogs, cats, reptiles, amphibians and insects. Up to 90% of reptiles are the carriers of one or more serovars of Salmonella. Extraintestinal bacterial infections associated with reptiles pose serious health threat to humans. The import of exotic species of reptiles as pet animals to Europe correlates with the emergence of Salmonella serotypes, which not found previously in European countries. The presented study is a new report about Salmonella serotypes associated with exotic reptiles in Poland. The goal of this research was to examine the zoonotic potential of Salmonella strains isolated from reptiles by comparative analysis with S. Enteritidis strains occurring in human population and causing salmonellosis. Results The main findings of our work show that exotic reptiles are asymptomatic carriers of Salmonella serovars other than correlated with salmonellosis in humans ( S . Enteritidis, S . Typhimurium). Among the isolated Salmonella strains we identified serovars that have not been reported earlier in Poland, for example belonging to subspecies diarizonae and salamae . Restriction analysis with Pulsed-field Gel Electrophoresis ( PFGE), showed a great diversity among Salmonella strains isolated from reptiles. Almost all tested strains had distinct restriction patterns. While S . Enteritidis strains were quite homogeneous in term of phylogenetic relations. Most of the tested VGs were common for the two tested groups of Salmonella strains. Conclusions The obtained results show that Salmonella strains isolated from reptiles share most of virulence genes with the S. Enteritidis strains and exhibit a greater phylogenetic diversity than the tested S. Enteritidis population. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s12917-019-2019-1) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.

show abstract

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Comparison of the phylogenetic analysis of PFGE profiles and the characteristic of virulence genes in clinical and reptile associated Salmonella strains

et al. 2019

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…S. arizonae , which was also isolated in this case, is associated with exposure to reptiles and birds,26 and has been associated with bone infection,27 as well as joint infection, sepsis,28,29 and gastroenteritis 30. Rattlesnake products, such as rattlesnake venom pills ingested by cancer patients as a homeopathic remedy, have also been associated with infection due to this strain of bacteria 31.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 65%

Wegener’s granulomatosis mimicking inflammatory bowel disease and presenting with chronic enteritis

Shahedi

Hanna

Melamed³

et al. 2013

IMCRJ

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Wegener’s granulomatosis, also known as anti-neutrophil cytoplasmic antibody (ANCA)-associated vasculitis, is a small vessel vasculitis with primarily pulmonary, renal, and sinus disease manifestations. The prevalence of Wegener’s granulomatosis is three cases per 100,000 patients. Cardiovascular, neurologic, cutaneous, and joint manifestations have been reported in many case reports and case series. Gastrointestinal manifestations are less noted in Wegener’s granulomatosis, although they have been previously reported in the form of intestinal perforation and intestinal ischemia. Additionally, there are characteristic findings of vasculitis that are noted with active Wegener’s granulomatosis of the small bowel. We report a case of an elderly patient who presented with weight loss, diarrhea, and hematochezia. His symptoms were chronic and had lasted for more than 1 year before diagnosis. Inflammatory bowel disease or chronic enteritis due to Salmonella arizonae because of reptile exposure originally were suspected as etiologies of his presentation. The findings of proteinuria, renal failure, and pauci-immune glomerulonephritis on renal biopsy, in conjunction with an elevated c-ANCA titer, confirmed the diagnosis of Wegener’s granulomatosis with associated intestinal vasculitis. This case demonstrates an atypical presentation of chronic duodenitis and jejunitis secondary to Wegener’s granulomatosis, which mimicked inflammatory bowel disease.

show abstract

“…Our case report represents the 24th published case of osteoarticular infection with Salmonella enterica subsp. Arizonae ; nine of these cases involved children (Table 1) [2,7–13] and 15 involved adult patients (Table 2) [11,14–20]. Eleven of the adults were female (73%), compared with three (33%) children (p <0.01).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Osteomyelitis due to Salmonella enterica subsp. arizonae: the price of exotic pets

Kölker

Itsekzon

Yinnon

et al. 2012

Clinical Microbiology and Infection

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

We describe a 31-year-old immunocompromised patient who developed sepsis and osteomyelitis due to Salmonella enterica subsp. arizonae secondary to exposure to iguana and snakes kept as pets at her home, and review all 23 previously published cases of bone and joint infections due to this organism, for a total of nine children and 15 adults. Eleven of the adults were female (73%), compared with three (33%) of the children (p <0.01). Significant underlying illnesses were present in all 15 adults and in five children (55%, p <0.05); 10 (77%) of the adults were immunosuppressed, compared with one child only (17%) (p <0.05). In ten of the adults the knee was infected (67%), compared with one child only (11%, p <0.01). Antibiotic therapy was prolonged in both adults and children, and in most cases consisted of 4-6 weeks of parenteral treatment. Complete cure and survival was attained in 11 of 15 adults (73%) and all nine children (NS). Optimal antibiotic treatment probably consists of ceftriaxone or a fluoroquinolone, if the organism is susceptible.

show abstract

The snake in the grass— Salmonella arizonae gastroenteritis in a reptile handler

Cited by 10 publications

References 3 publications

Comparison of the phylogenetic analysis of PFGE profiles and the characteristic of virulence genes in clinical and reptile associated Salmonella strains

Comparison of the phylogenetic analysis of PFGE profiles and the characteristic of virulence genes in clinical and reptile associated Salmonella strains

Wegener’s granulomatosis mimicking inflammatory bowel disease and presenting with chronic enteritis

Osteomyelitis due to Salmonella enterica subsp. arizonae: the price of exotic pets

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About

The snake in the grass— Salmonella arizonae gastroenteritis in a reptile handler

Cited by 10 publications

References 3 publications

Comparison of the phylogenetic analysis of PFGE profiles and the characteristic of virulence genes in clinical and reptile associated Salmonella strains

Comparison of the phylogenetic analysis of PFGE profiles and the characteristic of virulence genes in clinical and reptile associated Salmonella strains

Wegener&rsquo;s granulomatosis mimicking inflammatory bowel disease and presenting with chronic enteritis

Osteomyelitis due to Salmonella enterica subsp. arizonae: the price of exotic pets

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About

Wegener’s granulomatosis mimicking inflammatory bowel disease and presenting with chronic enteritis