The "Snacking Child" and its social network: some insights from an italian survey

Gregori, Darío; Foltran, Francesca; Ghidina, Marco; Zobec, Federica; Ballali, Simonetta; Franchin, Laura; Berchialla, Paola

doi:10.1186/1475-2891-10-132

Cited by 14 publications

(25 citation statements)

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“…19,[21][22][23] Of further concern, there is evidence that energy-dense, nutrient-poor snack foods and beverages are widely available in various settings where young people spend their time. [14][15][16][17][18][24][25][26][27][28] The majority of studies that investigated whether there is a relationship between snacking behavior and weight status either found no association 19,33,[41][42][43]45,46,48,49,[52][53][54]59 or found evidence indicating that young people who more often consumed food or beverages between meals were less likely to be obese. 21,30,32,34,37,38,55,57 However, a smaller number of studies found evidence indicating the frequency of snacking, percentage of energy consumed at snacks, or greater consumption of energy-dense snack foods was associated with increased risk for obesity among some groups, 31,35,36,44,47,50,51,56,58 and two studies found that more frequent snacking in front ...…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Review of Snacking Patterns among Children and Adolescents: What Are the Implications of Snacking for Weight Status?

2013

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Given the growing contribution of snacks to dietary intake and the need for effective strategies to reduce obesity, it is important to consider whether snacking behaviors contribute to high BMI in childhood. This review summarizes US research that has addressed trends in snacking behavior and its contribution to dietary intake, as well as research describing snack food availability in settings where youth spend their time. In addition, it comprehensively reviews studies conducted in the United States and internationally that have examined associations of snacking behavior with weight. Research published between January, 2000, and December, 2011, was identified by searching PubMed and MEDLINE databases, and by examining bibliographies of relevant studies. Recent analyses of trends in dietary intake have shown there were significant increases in the contribution of energy-dense, nutrient-poor foods to snacking kilocalories over the past few decades. Although snacks can contribute to intake of key nutrients, frequent snacking has been associated with higher intake of total energy and energy from added and total sugars. Assessments in schools and retail stores have further indicated that energy-dense, nutrient-poor snacks are widely available in settings where youth spend their time. The majority of studies either found no evidence of a relationship between snacking behavior and weight status or found evidence indicating that young people who consumed more snacks were less likely to be obese; however, additional research is needed to address various methodological limitations. Recommendations for future research are provided to address knowledge gaps and inform the development of interventions.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Review of Snacking Patterns among Children and Adolescents: What Are the Implications of Snacking for Weight Status?

2013

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“…Children like to consume products they know -the more often children eat a given product, the more they like it. Children familiarize themselves with new tastes and products through experience as well as by observing dietary behaviours of other people present in their environment (parents, siblings, peers) (4,31,34,35) . The present study confirmed the role of the influence exerted by the family environment and health-oriented attitudes of parents (parents eating F&V, encouraging children to eat F&V, giving sliced F&V between meals, giving children F&V to take to school) on the F&V consumption of their children.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Factors within the family environment such as parents’ dietary habits and fruit and vegetable availability have the greatest influence on fruit and vegetable consumption by Polish children

Wolnicka

Taraszewska

Jaczewska-Schuetz

et al. 2015

Public Health Nutr.

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Objective: To identify determinants of fruit and vegetable (F&V) consumption among school-aged children. Design: A survey study was conducted in October 2010. The questionnaire contained questions concerning social and demographic data, lifestyle and dietary habits, particularly the frequency of F&V consumption, availability of F&V and knowledge about recommended amounts of F&V intake. Setting: Polish primary schools. Subjects: Children (n 1255) aged 9 years from randomly selected primary schools and their parents. Results: The children's consumption of fruit and of vegetables was influenced by the fruit consumption and vegetable consumption of their parents (r = 0·333 and r = 0·273, respectively; P = 0·001), parents encouraging their children to eat F&V (r = 0·259 and r = 0·271, respectively; P = 0·001), giving children F&V to take to school (r = 0·338 and r = 0·321, respectively; P = 0·001) and the availability of F&V at home (r = 0·200 and r = 0·296, respectively; P = 0·001). Parental education influenced only the frequency of fruit consumption (r = 0·074; P = 0·01). A correlation between parents' knowledge of the recommended intakes and the frequency of vegetable and fruit consumption by children was noticed (r = 0·258 and r = 0·192, respectively, P = 0·001). Conclusions: Factors within the family environment such as parents' dietary habits and F&V availability had the greatest influence on the F&V consumption by children. Educational activities aimed at parents are crucial to increase the consumption of F&V among children. Keywords Vegetable consumption Fruit consumption Children nutrition Determinants of consumptionChildhood is a crucial period within the process of shaping correct dietary habits, including the consumption of fruit and vegetables (F&V) (1) . Studies show that the dietary habits and preferences shaped during childhood and adolescence are continued into adult life (1,2) and that a diet rich in vegetables and fruit lowers the risk of many chronic diseases (3) . There are many factors which may influence the consumption of F&V by children. Apart from preferences, these factors include age, sex, domicile, social and economic factors, parents' education, parents' dietary habits concerning the consumption of F&V and the availability of F&V at home (4)(5)(6)(7) . Studies show that the consumption of F&V by children from different populations, including Polish children, is unsatisfactory, deviating from the recommendations on the amounts and well as the frequency of consumption (4,(8)(9)(10)(11) .F&V constitute a very important element of healthy nutrition. In a child's diet there should be approximately five portions of F&V each day. These foods are a vital source of antioxidants, fibre, vitamins and minerals. That is why they are a necessary element of a daily diet (3) . The majority of benefits from eating F&V result from the lowering of the risk of CVD, but F&V may also lower the risk of certain kinds of cancer. Research from the European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrit...

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“…Because the epidemiologic evidence of the inverse relation between meal frequency and BMI is considered extremely weak, new controlled studies are needed (39). Present conflicting findings may also be the result of the lack of uniformity in the definition of snack (13). Our most compelling result is the association between timing of the large snack and overweight.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Other studies have, however, failed to establish a correlation between snacking and overweight (9)(10)(11)(12)(13)(14). Such variability could be explained by the definition variability of ''snack'' (13).…”

mentioning

confidence: 97%

“…The term ''snack'' generally designates a small number of items characterized by low nutrient and high energy density (eg, candies, cookies, salty snacks, soda). An alternative definition is based on the time criterion, leading us to consider snacks as the eating occasions between the main meals (13). From a nutritional perspective, varying the composition of snacks with healthier food variety has proved to be a successful strategy in overweight children who are trying to lose weight (15)(16).…”

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confidence: 99%

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Impact of Snacking Pattern on Overweight and Obesity Risk in a Cohort of 11‐ to 13‐Year‐Old Adolescents

Bo¹,

Carli²,

Venco³

et al. 2014

J. pediatr. gastroenterol. nutr.

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The "Snacking Child" and its social network: some insights from an italian survey

Cited by 14 publications

References 30 publications

A Review of Snacking Patterns among Children and Adolescents: What Are the Implications of Snacking for Weight Status?

A Review of Snacking Patterns among Children and Adolescents: What Are the Implications of Snacking for Weight Status?

Factors within the family environment such as parents’ dietary habits and fruit and vegetable availability have the greatest influence on fruit and vegetable consumption by Polish children

Impact of Snacking Pattern on Overweight and Obesity Risk in a Cohort of 11‐ to 13‐Year‐Old Adolescents

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