“…This prompted researchers to create new DA datasets, usually targeting a limited number of specific regions or countries (Gadalla et al, 1997;Diab et al, 2010;Al-Sabbagh and Girju, 2012;Sadat et al, 2014;Harrat et al, 2014;Jarrar et al, 2016;Khalifa et al, 2016;Al-Twairesh et al, 2018;Alsarsour et al, 2018;Kwaik et al, 2018;El-Haj, 2020). This was followed by several works that introduced multi-dialectal datasets and models for regionlevel dialect identification (Zaidan and Callison-Burch, 2011;Bouamor et al, 2014;Meftouh et al, 2015). The initial Arabic dialect identification shared tasks were part of the VarDial workshop series, primarily utilizing transcriptions of speech broadcasts (Malmasi et al, 2016).…”