The slow and steady salinization of Sparkling Lake, Wisconsin

Dugan, Hilary A.; Rock, Linnea A.

doi:10.1002/lol2.10191

Cited by 12 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 46 publications

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“…Similar patterns have been observed in wetlands and streams where chloride increases are associated with decreased carbon storage and decreased nitrogen retention (Baldwin et al, 2006;Cañedo-Argüelles et al, 2013;Herbert et al, 2015). Chloride concentrations and toxicity often follow annual cycles, with the lowest concentrations occurring in fall and highest concentrations and toxicity in winter and early spring (Dugan & Rock, 2021;Marsalek, 2003). In waterbodies with limited prior exposure to chloride pollution, even relatively low chloride concentrations can negatively affect ecosystem processes (Arnott et al, 2020;Bartlett et al, 2012;Kjensmo, 1997).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 53%

Add a dash of salt? Effects of road de-icing salt (NaCl) on benthic respiration and nutrient fluxes in freshwater sediments

Williams¹,

Frost²,

Ginn³

et al. 2023

Limnetica

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Winter road salt applications are increasing chloride concentrations in many freshwater ecosystems. This trend is alarming, giv¬en chloride’s potential to impair aquatic ecosystems. Short- and long-term exposure to salt could affect ecosystem metabolism and nutrient cycles. Here, we examine connections between chloride concentrations, water quality conditions, benthic respi¬ration, and sediment-water nutrient flux throughout a large (722 km2) lake and its catchment. Aquatic locations experiencing high concentrations of chloride are indicators of anthropogenic activities and are often associated with additional pollutants. We used sediment core flow-through incubations under ambient and enriched chloride concentrations to determine the effects of road salt on benthic respiration and nutrient fluxes in stream, stormwater pond, and lake sites. Salt (as sodium chloride) ad¬ditions caused a significant overall increase in benthic respiration. Acute exposure to road salt caused the strongest increase in benthic respiration when water was warm and at sites that had low (< 50 mg Cl-/L) or high (> 400 mg Cl-/L) ambient chloride concentrations or when water was cold and sites had intermediate (100-400 mg Cl-/L) ambient chloride concentrations. Nitrate flux responded less uniformly to salt additions. Depending on waterbody type and season, ambient nitrate flux into the sediment was similar, increased, or decreased post-chloride addition. Dissolved phosphorus flux was not significantly impacted by salt additions. Across lake and stream sites, our results supported the hypothesis that chloride causes increased respiration while nutrient cycles were weakly and inconsistently altered under experimental pulse road salt additions.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 53%

Add a dash of salt? Effects of road de-icing salt (NaCl) on benthic respiration and nutrient fluxes in freshwater sediments

Williams¹,

Frost²,

Ginn³

et al. 2023

Limnetica

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show abstract

“…Year‐round high concentrations raise the potential for toxicity at various stages of organism growth; and some stages may be more sensitive than others (Lawsona and Jackson 2021). Landscape storage can also lead to slow salinization that can result in decades of water quality problems as concentration continues to increase even if salt application on the landscape was to cease (Bester et al 2006; Ludwikowski and Peterson 2018; Dugan and Rock 2023).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Lakes protect downstream riverine habitats from chloride toxicity

Rock

Dugan

2023

Limnology & Oceanography

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Freshwater salinization from anthropogenic activities threatens water quality and habitat suitability for many lakes and rivers in North America. Recognizing that salinization is a stress on freshwater environments globally, research on watershed salt transport is necessary for informed management strategies. Prior to this research, there were few studies that examined salt export regimes along a river-lake continuum to investigate the drivers, temporal dynamics, and modulators of freshwater salinization. Here, we use highfrequency in situ monitoring to assess specific conductance-discharge (cQ) relationships, chloride concentrations and fluxes, and the role of lakes in downstream salt transport. The Upper Yahara River Watershed in southern Wisconsin, USA, is a mixed urban and agricultural watershed where the lakes' chloride concentrations have risen from < 5 mg L À1 in the 1940s to > 50-80 mg L À1 in 2021. Our results suggest cQ behavior depends on land use, with urban areas exhibiting more frequent mobilization events during stormflow and agricultural areas exhibiting predominantly dilution dynamics. In addition, chloride loading is driven by hydrology and watershed size whereas concentrations and yields are a function of anthropogenic drivers like urbanization. We demonstrate how an in-network lake attenuates downstream salinity, dampening the hydrologic, anthropogenic, and seasonal patterns observed in rivers upstream of the lake. Importantly, biogeochemical processes in lakes overlay a seasonal signal on salinity that must be considered when investigating temporal dynamics of anthropogenic salinization. This research contributes to understanding of temporal dynamics of salt export through watersheds and can be used to inform management strategies for habitat protection.

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“…For example, high DOC levels could fuel microbial community diversity in a stressed environment . As brackish lakes are undergoing salinization to brine lakes under climate warming, ,, more carbon tends to accumulate and transform into halocarbon in brine lakes.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Dissolved Organic Matter Characteristics and Composition of Saline Lakes in the Badain Jaran Desert, China

Zhang,

Wang,

Zhang

et al. 2023

ACS Earth Space Chem.

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Elucidating the characteristics and molecular composition of dissolved organic matter (DOM) is critical to understanding carbon cycling in increasingly saline lakes in arid and hyperarid areas; however, the molecular signatures of DOM in these widely distributed saline lakes remain poorly understood. Here, variations in DOM characteristics and ages with salinity were investigated across 10 small saline lakes within the Badain Jaran Desert based on absorption and fluorescence spectroscopy, Fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance mass spectrometry, and 14 Cisotopic analysis. The results showed that dissolved organic carbon (DOC) significantly increased with salinity, and the 14 C age of solid-phase extracted DOM ranging 385−3935 years before present did not correlate with salinity across lakes. With increasing salinity, the DOM aromaticity, DOC-specific abundances of fluorescent components, and relative abundance of lignin-like components all decreased, whereas the relative abundance of lipid-like components increased. Regarding halogen-containing DOM, the brine lakes showed higher relative abundances of chlorine-containing lignin-and lipid-like components but comparable relative abundances of bromine-containing components, supporting preferential chlorination over bromination. This study demonstrates the strong impacts of salinization on DOM accumulation and chlorination in inland saline lakes and highlights the critical role of brine lakes as a persistent carbon pool.

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The slow and steady salinization of Sparkling Lake, Wisconsin

Cited by 12 publications

References 46 publications

Add a dash of salt? Effects of road de-icing salt (NaCl) on benthic respiration and nutrient fluxes in freshwater sediments

Add a dash of salt? Effects of road de-icing salt (NaCl) on benthic respiration and nutrient fluxes in freshwater sediments

Lakes protect downstream riverine habitats from chloride toxicity

Dissolved Organic Matter Characteristics and Composition of Saline Lakes in the Badain Jaran Desert, China

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