The Sleipner storage site: Capillary flow modeling of a layered CO2 plume requires fractured shale barriers within the Utsira Formation

Cavanagh, Andrew; Haszeldine, R. Stuart

doi:10.1016/j.ijggc.2013.11.017

Cited by 152 publications

(106 citation statements)

References 30 publications

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“…Such loading could have triggered the expulsion of porefluids due to compaction and de-watering of clay minerals resulting in overpressure (Osborne and Swarbrick, 1997). Another possible explanation is the disability of mudstones to return to hydrostatic pressure condition after glacial loading, which has been proposed for thin mud layers within the Utsira Formation by Cavanagh and Haszeldine (2014). The young formation age (Pleistocene to Holocene) of most of the identified chimney-like anomalies may point to a link between their formation and loading by ice.…”

Section: Formation Pressure Increasementioning

confidence: 91%

“…The paleogeographic setting has been stable for a period of 8 Ma facilitating the deposition of a 100 to 300 m-thick sand body (Galloway, 2001(Galloway, , 2002, which is intersected by thin layers of shale (Cavanagh and Haszeldine, 2014). The base of the Utsira Formation is strongly deformed by remobilized sediments as the result of sand intruding into mudstones at the top of the Hordaland Group (Rodrigues et al, 2009;Løseth et al, 2012).…”

Section: Geological Settingmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Seismic chimneys in the Southern Viking Graben – Implications for palaeo fluid migration and overpressure evolution

Karstens

Berndt

2015

Earth and Planetary Science Letters

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Section: Formation Pressure Increasementioning

confidence: 91%

Section: Geological Settingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Seismic chimneys in the Southern Viking Graben – Implications for palaeo fluid migration and overpressure evolution

Karstens

Berndt

2015

Earth and Planetary Science Letters

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“…The gas field Sleipner conceptual model has been used in previous CO 2 simulation investigations (Torp and Gale 2004;Cavanagh 2013;Chadwick and Eiken 2013;Deflandre et al 2013;Fornel and Estublier 2013;Cavanagh and Haszeldine 2014). We used the conceptual model proposed by Pruess (2005) for the two-dimensional large-scale model.…”

Section: Large-scale Modelsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of Permeability Variations on CO2 Convection in Anisotropic and Heterogeneous Saline Formations

Lin¹,

Lee³

et al. 2016

Terr. Atmos. Ocean. Sci.

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This study simulated the natural convection of dissolved carbon dioxide (CO 2 ) in a small-scale heterogeneous saline formation using the state module ECO2N equation in the TOUGHREACT model. A one-way downscaling approach that involves using a series of sub-models in simulation procedures was proposed to efficiently simulate problems with high-scale discrepancies. This study evaluated the effects of different degrees of small-scale permeability variations on the vertical migration of dissolved CO 2 . The sequential Gaussian simulation model was used to generate unconditional random permeability fields for different natural logarithm of permeability (lnk) variations (i.e., lnk variances and correlations in x and z directions). The results showed an identical transition zone of dissolved CO 2 near the top boundary, where a constant CO 2 gas saturation was specified. The local permeability variations can trigger fingerings and enhance the vertical convection of the dissolved CO 2 . The number of fingerings depends on the variations in permeability near the front interface of the dissolved CO 2 (i.e., the bottom edge of the transition zone for the dissolved CO 2 ). However, the fingering patterns and developments are constrained by the permeability variations along the fingering paths. At the same mean lnk permeability the convection fluxes increase with an increase in lnk variances. However, an increase in lateral correlations (i.e., increase in the correlation lengths in the x direction) can slightly reduce the convection fluxes at the same lnk variance. The highly variable flux rates of the dissolved CO 2 occur early and the variations in the flux rate decrease with time.

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“…Deep saline aquifers ([1000 m depth) are considered the best candidate for CO 2 storage due to the general presence, huge storage volume, and appropriate depth required to maintain the supercritical condition of the CO 2 (Eiken et al 2011;Cavanagh and Haszeldine 2014). For long-term geological storage, CO 2 injected in a supercritical fluid state is proposed to remain there by various physical and geochemical trapping mechanisms (Luquot and Gouze 2009;Miller et al 2013;Kampman et al 2014).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Hydrochemical variations in selected geothermal groundwater and carbonated springs in Korea: a baseline study for early detection of CO2 leakage

Choi

Piao

Woo

et al. 2016

Environ Geochem Health

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A baseline hydrochemistry of the above zone aquifer was examined for the potential of CO early detection monitoring. Among the major ionic components and stable isotope ratios of oxygen, hydrogen, and carbon, components with a relative standard deviation (RSD) of <10 % for the seasonal variation were selected as relatively stable. These components were tested for sensitivity to the introduction of 0.1 mol/L CO (g) using the PHREEQC simulation results. If the relatively stable components were sensitive to the introduction of CO, then they could be used as indicators of CO leakage into the above zone. As an analog to the zone above CO storage formation, we sampled deep groundwater, including geothermal groundwater from well depths of 400-700 m below the ground surface (bgs) and carbonated springs with a high CO content in Korea. Under the natural conditions of inland geothermal groundwater, pH, electrical conductivity (EC), bicarbonate (HCO), δO, δH, and δC were relatively stable as well as sensitive to the introduction of CO (g), thus showing good potential as monitoring parameters for early detection of CO leakage. In carbonated springs, the parameters identified were pH, δO, and δH. Baseline hydrochemistry monitoring could provide information on parameters useful for detecting anomalies caused by CO leakage as measures for early warning.

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The Sleipner storage site: Capillary flow modeling of a layered CO2 plume requires fractured shale barriers within the Utsira Formation

Cited by 152 publications

References 30 publications

Seismic chimneys in the Southern Viking Graben – Implications for palaeo fluid migration and overpressure evolution

Seismic chimneys in the Southern Viking Graben – Implications for palaeo fluid migration and overpressure evolution

Effects of Permeability Variations on CO2 Convection in Anisotropic and Heterogeneous Saline Formations

Hydrochemical variations in selected geothermal groundwater and carbonated springs in Korea: a baseline study for early detection of CO2 leakage

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