The Sleep Inbred Panel, a Collection of Inbred Drosophila melanogaster with Extreme Long and Short Sleep Duration

Abstract

Understanding how genomic variation causes differences in observable phenotypes remains a major challenge in biology. It is difficult to trace the sequence of events originating from genomic variants to changes in transcriptional responses or protein modifications. Ideally, one would conduct experiments with individuals that are at either extreme of the trait of interest, but such resources are often not available. Further, advances in genome editing will enable testing of candidate polymorphisms individually and in combination. Here we have created a resource for the study of sleep with 39 inbred lines of Drosophila—the Sleep Inbred Panel (SIP). SIP lines have stable long- and short-sleeping phenotypes developed from naturally occurring polymorphisms. These lines are fully sequenced, enabling more accurate targeting for genome editing and transgenic constructs. This panel facilitates the study of intermediate transcriptional and proteomic correlates of sleep, and supports genome editing studies to verify polymorphisms associated with sleep duration.

Short-Term Memory Deficits in the SLEEP Inbred Panel

“…Almost half of the SIP_S2_7 short sleepers were arrhythmic in their sleep and activity patterns. A polymorphic variant in an intron of shaggy (sgg) segregates between long and short sleeper lines of the SIP [18,51]. Decreased sgg expression lengthens circadian period, while increased expression shortens it [58].…”

“…Second, we examined the response of a single type of morphological change in the brain. The Sleep Inbred Panel's ancestry originates from ten lines of the Drosophila Genetic Reference Panel that were intercrossed to create an outbred population [18]. Three of the ancestral DGRP lines we used to create the outbred population had gross morphological defects in the β lobes of their mushroom bodies in 5-15% of the flies examined [60].…”

“…In fact, Gr33A, a gustatory receptor required for the avoidance of bitter tastants [50], was previously identified as a gene differentiating extreme long and short sleep [51]. Flies of the SIP are polymorphic for a variant located 573 bp upstream of Gr33A [18]. All of the long sleepers in the SIP are homozygous for the "G" allele at this variant, which is the same as the reference Drosophila sequence.…”

“…extreme long and short sleep [51]. Flies of the SIP are polymorphic for a variant located 573 bp upstream of Gr33A [18]. All of the long sleepers in the SIP are homozygous for the "G" allele at this variant, which is the same as the reference Drosophila sequence.…”

“…To facilitate the study of this variability, we created a panel of 39 wild-derived inbred lines with extremely long and short sleep duration, the Sleep Inbred Panel (SIP) [18]. The SIP is a useful tool to study differential transcript and protein abundances between long and short sleepers; to verify polymorphic variants implicated in genome-wide association studies of sleep duration; and to identify important phenotypic correlates of sleep [18].…”