The sleep-deprived human brain

Krause, Adam; Ben-Simon, Eti; Mander, Bryce A.; Greer, Stephanie; Saletin, Jared M.; Goldstein-Piekarski, Andrea N.; Walker, Matthew P.

doi:10.1038/nrn.2017.55

Cited by 798 publications

(683 citation statements)

References 182 publications

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“…This is notable considering the substantial impact that sleep has on overall health and well-being. Current systematic reviews demonstrate a significant impact of sleep on cognition and emotion [67], glycaemic control [22], and overweight or obesity [23], to name a few. To our knowledge, little is known about the ability of sleep to modify gene-associated health risks.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Systematic Review of Genetic Testing and Lifestyle Behaviour Change: Are We Using High-Quality Genetic Interventions and Considering Behaviour Change Theory?

et al. 2018

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Background: Studying the impact of genetic testing interventions on lifestyle behaviour change has been a priority area of research in recent years. Substantial heterogeneity exists in the results and conclusions of this literature, which has yet to be explained using validated behaviour change theory and an assessment of the quality of genetic interventions. The theory of planned behaviour (TPB) helps to explain key contributors to behaviour change. It has been hypothesized that personalization could be added to this theory to help predict changes in health behaviours. Purpose: This systematic review provides a detailed, comprehensive identification, assessment, and summary of primary research articles pertaining to lifestyle behaviour change (nutrition, physical activity, sleep, and smoking) resulting from genetic testing interventions. The present review further aims to provide in-depth analyses of studies conducted to date within the context of the TPB and the quality of genetic interventions provided to participants while aiming to determine whether or not genetic testing facilitates changes in lifestyle habits. This review is timely in light of a recently published “call-to-action” paper, highlighting the need to incorporate the TPB into personalized healthcare behaviour change research. Methods: Three bibliographic databases, one key website, and article reference lists were searched for relevant primary research articles. The PRISMA Flow Diagram and PRISMA Checklist were used to guide the search strategy and manuscript preparation. Out of 32,783 titles retrieved, 26 studies met the inclusion criteria. Three quality assessments were conducted and included: (1) risk of bias, (2) quality of genetic interventions, and (3) consideration of theoretical underpinnings – primarily the TPB. Results: Risk of bias in studies was overall rated to be “fair.” Consideration of the TPB was “poor,” with no study making reference to this validated theory. While some studies (n = 11; 42%) made reference to other behaviour change theories, these theories were generally mentioned briefly, and were not thoroughly incorporated into the study design or analyses. The genetic interventions provided to participants were overall of “poor” quality. However, a separate analysis of studies using controlled intervention research methods demonstrated the use of higher-quality genetic interventions (overall rated to be “fair”). The provision of actionable recommendations informed by genetic testing was more likely to facilitate behaviour change than the provision of genetic information without actionable lifestyle recommendations. Several studies of good quality demonstrated changes in lifestyle habits arising from the provision of genetic interventions. The most promising lifestyle changes were changes in nutrition. Conclusions: It is possible to facilitate behaviour change using genetic testing as the catalyst. Future research should ensure that high-quality genetic interventions are provided to participants, and should consider validate...

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Systematic Review of Genetic Testing and Lifestyle Behaviour Change: Are We Using High-Quality Genetic Interventions and Considering Behaviour Change Theory?

et al. 2018

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“…Sleep disturbance and insomnia are common in Alzheimer's disease (AD), affecting ≈40% of patients . There is emerging evidence that poor sleep may contribute to the development of AD and impair memory function . Options for effective pharmacological treatment of insomnia in AD are limited, with inconsistent or poor‐quality evidence for efficacy of melatonin, second‐generation antipsychotics (which are primarily used to target other neuropsychiatric and behavioral symptoms associated with AD), and sedating antidepressants .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…1 There is emerging evidence that poor sleep may contribute to the development of AD and impair memory function. [2][3][4][5][6][7][8][9] Options for effective pharmacological treatment of insomnia in AD are limited, with inconsistent or poor-quality evidence for efficacy of melatonin, [10][11][12][13] second-generation antipsychotics (which are primarily used to target other neuropsychiatric…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Polysomnographic assessment of suvorexant in patients with probable Alzheimer's disease dementia and insomnia: a randomized trial

Herring

Ceesay

Snyder

et al. 2020

Alzheimer's & Dementia

119

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Introduction We evaluated the clinical profile of the orexin receptor antagonist suvorexant for treating insomnia in patients with mild‐to‐moderate probable Alzheimer's disease (AD) dementia. Methods Randomized, double‐blind, 4‐week trial of suvorexant 10 mg (could be increased to 20 mg based on clinical response) or placebo in patients who met clinical diagnostic criteria for both probable AD dementia and insomnia. Sleep was assessed by overnight polysomnography in a sleep laboratory. The primary endpoint was change‐from‐baseline in polysomnography‐derived total sleep time (TST) at week 4. Results Of 285 participants randomized (suvorexant, N = 142; placebo, N = 143), 277 (97%) completed the trial (suvorexant, N = 136; placebo, N = 141). At week 4, the model‐based least squares mean improvement‐from‐baseline in TST was 73 minutes for suvorexant and 45 minutes for placebo; (difference = 28 minutes [95% confidence interval 11‐45], p < 0.01). Somnolence was reported in 4.2% of suvorexant‐treated patients and 1.4% of placebo‐treated patients. Discussion Suvorexant improved TST in patients with probable AD dementia and insomnia.

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“…For example, there has been increasing interest in the neuroscience of sleep as related to many aspects of cognition across the life span (see Refs. and for reviews). Several EEG signatures associated with sleep seem to predict individual differences in episodic memory ability, and these same signatures are affected by age, potentially mediating age‐related memory decline (see Ref.…”

Section: Implications Of the Lack Of Diversity In Cognitive Neurosciementioning

confidence: 99%

The importance of diversity in cognitive neuroscience

Dotson

Duarte

2019

Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences

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The vast majority of what is known about the neural underpinnings of human cognition comes from studies limited to racially, ethnically, and socioeconomically homogeneous samples. Furthermore, although most studies include both males and females in their samples, sex differences in patterns of brain activity and performance are rarely evaluated. We discuss recent research suggesting that one's socioeconomic status, race/ethnicity, and sex contribute to individual differences in neural structure, function, and related cognitive performance across a variety of cognitive domains. These studies make it clear that findings from decades of cognitive neuroscience research are likely not generalizable to a population that is much more diverse than the samples tested. We argue that these demographics cannot be ignored if we want to understand the neural substrates of human cognition for the diverse, general population. Cognitive neuroscience has been, and continues to be, used to inform education policy and clinical practice. We argue that greater diversity in cognitive neuroscience research is needed to improve reproducibility and to serve the treatment needs of a diverse population. We discuss the challenges to achieving this goal, including consideration of confounding and correlated variables, recruitment, necessary costs, and best practices for dealing with them.

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The sleep-deprived human brain

Cited by 798 publications

References 182 publications

A Systematic Review of Genetic Testing and Lifestyle Behaviour Change: Are We Using High-Quality Genetic Interventions and Considering Behaviour Change Theory?

A Systematic Review of Genetic Testing and Lifestyle Behaviour Change: Are We Using High-Quality Genetic Interventions and Considering Behaviour Change Theory?

Polysomnographic assessment of suvorexant in patients with probable Alzheimer's disease dementia and insomnia: a randomized trial

The importance of diversity in cognitive neuroscience

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