The Sleep Characteristics of the Normal Aged Male

Kahn, Edwin; Fisher, Charles K.

doi:10.1097/00005053-196905000-00002

Cited by 122 publications

(43 citation statements)

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“…In general, these findings with respect to age complement other EEG studies of age differences in sleep patterns which have found reductions in both REM and particularly delta sleep to occur (Feinberg and Carlson, 1968;Feinberg, Koresko and Heller, 1967;Kahn and Fisher, 1969 Webb (1965), using a questionnaire, and Tune (1968Tune ( , 1969, using the sleep diary method, both found that, in general, older individuals reported themseves as taking somewhat more sleep per 24 hr period than did younger ones. Tune's study was based on an 8 week sleep diary, in which the sleep obtained was recorded for each 24-hr period in 30-min blocks in which subjects subsequently judged themselves to have been asleep for more than 15 min.…”

Section: Sleep Patterns: Definition and Measurementsupporting

confidence: 81%

Individual differences in sleep patterns

Davies

1976

Postgraduate Medical Journal

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As Johnson (1973) The sleep diary method thus provides information on the duration and distribution of nocturnal and daytime sleep over relatively long periods. The EEG on the other hand, provides more detailed information concerning the electrical activity of the brain during nocturnal sleep. As is well known, these patterns of activity are not uniform and the EEG activity of sleep has been classified into stages.

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Section: Sleep Patterns: Definition and Measurementsupporting

confidence: 81%

Individual differences in sleep patterns

Davies

1976

Postgraduate Medical Journal

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“…For example, Roffwarg et al [21] reported a decrease in the amount of REM sleep from 25% during young adulthood to 13-18% in old age. However, Webb and Agnew [22] were unable to find a significant decrease in REM sleep with age, and Kahn and Fisher [9] found 21.7% REM in 71-to 90-year-old subjects and lower percentages after age 90. Recent data from our laboratory show that the amounts of time spent in tumescence and in REM are both susceptible to change with increasing age.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Some Characteristics of Nocturnal Penile Tumescence during Puberty

et al. 1972

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ExtractThis paper presents a study of nocturnal penile tumescence (NPT) and the relation of this phenomenon to stage J rapid eye movement (REM) sleep for a group of pubertal males. Ten subjects, ages 12.8 to 15.3 years, slept in the laboratory for three consecutive nights. Electroencephalograms, electrooculograms, and measurements of penile erections were recorded.The average tumescence time per night was 158.99 min; average REM time was 137.07 min. Average simultaneous REM and tumescence per night was 101.89 min. These subjects averaged 6.85 tumescence episodes/night, and, of these, 5.15 occurred during a REM period. Tumescence episodes during REM averaged 30.77 min in duration, whereas episodes which occurred when no REM was present averaged 11.75 min. All subjects had at least four REM periods per night and at least three tumescence episodes. No subject had more than 6 REM periods or more than 11 tumescence episodes.The amount of penile tumescence during a night's sleep was found to be less subject to the first night effect than was total sleep time, which indicates the strength of the underlying process controlling tumescence. Two components of NPT were described: a high probability component (maximum tumescence during REM), and a variable probability component (all nonmaximum and non-REM tumescence). Although the results indicated that there is a close relation between REM and tumescence, no simple cause and effect relation between the two phenomena was apparent.NPT seems to be a complex process with multiple functions. Although it may play a role in sexual development, it may be only partially related to the sexual activity of the mature male. Speculation

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“…However, these are not specific for schizophre nia, not all schizophrenic patients have these changes, and a good deal of variability exists across studies in the litera ture [1,2], This may be related to many sources of vari ance affecting sleep physiology [1,3,4], These include age, gender, inpatient/outpatient status, illness severity, and illness duration [1,5], In normal subjects, sleep pat terns change as a function of aging both in regard to sleep continuity and architecture, with reduction in SWS and shortening of REM latency [6][7][8][9][10][11][12][13], as well as intranight distribution of SWS and REM sleep [14,15]. There is some evidence for gender-related differences in sleep parameters in young healthy subjects [16], as well as dur ing healthy aging [17]; nocturnal myoclonus and sleeprelated breathing disorders appear to be more prevalent in elderly males than in females [18], The age-dependent reductions in SWS appear to be more prominent in healthy male seniors [15], In depressive patients, sleep abnormalities tend to worsen with advancing age [ 19] and SWS deficits are more pronounced in males than in females [12,20,21], Apart from introducing potential methodological con founds, gender-and age-related variations in sleep physi ology may have important implications for the patho- physiological substrate of the major psychoses.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Sleep EEG Changes in Psychotic Disorders: Gender and Age Effects

Keshavan¹,

Reynolds²,

Haas³

et al. 1995

Neuropsychobiology

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The aim of this study was to examine gender-related differences in electroen-cephalographic (EEG) sleep in inpatients with psychotic disorders. We investigated the effects of gender and age as well as gender-by-age interactions on sleep continuity, architecture and intranight distributions in 38 male and 23 female patients with functional psychoses. No gender effects were seen for any sleep parameters. However, older psychotic males had less slow-wave sleep than older psychotic females. On the other hand, female psychotic patients showed a significant decline in automated REM counts with age. It is possible that gender-related differences in neurodevelopment and/or aging could account for these findings.

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The Sleep Characteristics of the Normal Aged Male

Cited by 122 publications

References 0 publications

Individual differences in sleep patterns

Individual differences in sleep patterns

Some Characteristics of Nocturnal Penile Tumescence during Puberty

Sleep EEG Changes in Psychotic Disorders: Gender and Age Effects

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