The Sπ-calculus is a synchronous π-calculus which is based on the SL model. The latter is a relaxation of the Esterel model where the reaction to the absence of a signal within an instant can only happen at the next instant. In the present work, we present and characterise a compositional semantics of the Sπ-calculus based on suitable notions of labelled transition system and bisimulation. Based on this semantic framework, we explore the notion of determinacy and the related one of (local) confluence. * Work partially supported by ANR-06-SETI-010-02.3. We provide local confluence conditions that are easier to check and that combined with reactivity turn out to be equivalent to determinacy.We briefly trace the path that has lead to this approach. A systematic study of determinacy and confluence for CCS is available in [17] where, roughly, the usual theory of rewriting is generalised in two directions: first rewriting is labelled and second diagrams commute up to semantic equivalence. In this context, a suitable formulation of Newman's lemma [19], has been given in [11]. The theory has been gradually extended from CCS, to CCS with values, and finally to the π-calculus [20].Calculi such as CCS and the π-calculus are designed to represent asynchronous systems. On the other hand, the Sπ-calculus is designed to represent synchronous systems. In these systems, there is a notion of instant (or phase, or pulse, or round) and at each instant each thread performs some actions and synchronizes with all other threads. One may say that all threads proceed at the same speed and it is in this specific sense that we will refer to synchrony in this work.In order to guarantee determinacy in the context of CCS rendez-vous communication, it seems quite natural to restrict the calculus so that interaction is point-to-point, i.e., it involves exactly one sender and one receiver. 1 In a synchronous framework, the introduction of signal based communication offers an opportunity to move from point-to-point to a more general multi-way interaction mechanism with multiple senders and/or receivers, while preserving determinacy. In particular, this is the approach taken in the Esterel and SL [8] models. The SL model can be regarded as a relaxation of the Esterel model where the reaction to the absence of a signal within an instant can only happen at the next instant. This design choice avoids some paradoxical situations and simplifies the implementation of the model. The SL model has gradually evolved into a general purpose programming language for concurrent applications and has been embedded in various programming environments such as C, Java, Scheme, and Caml (see [7, 22,16]). For instance, the Reactive ML language [16] includes a large fragment of the Caml language plus primitives to generate signals and synchronise on them. We should also mention that related ideas have been developed by Saraswat et al. [21] in the area of constraint programming.The Sπ-calculus can be regarded as an extension of the SL model where signals can carry valu...