The skin, tongue, and brain as favorable organs for hog cholera diagnosis by immunofluorescence

Pan, I. C.; Huang, Tien-Shine; Pan, Chu-Hsiang; Chern, Shenq-Yi; Lee, Shu-Hwae; Lin, Yu‐Li; Huang, Baodan; Lin, C. C.; Li, N. J.; Lin, Jingwei; Yang, Yin-chang; Chiu, Sherry Yueh‐Hsia; Chang, Jitao; Hue, D. K.; Lee, H. C.; Chang, Chih-Hung

doi:10.1007/bf01378648

Cited by 8 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 3 publications

(2 reference statements)

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Section: Introductionsupporting

confidence: 74%

“…6 Viral infection has been described in neurons, glial cells, endothelial cells, and CNS cell infiltrate during CSF. 18,28 A similar viral antigen distribution has recently been reported in a calf with BVD virus type II infection. 2 This paper reports on a study designed to chart the spatial and chronologic distribution of lesions and virus antigen in the CNS, and to characterize cellular infiltrate and infected cells, to learn more about the pathogenesis of CSF-induced lesions of the CNS and determine the exact role of the virus in these lesions.…”

Section: Introductionsupporting

confidence: 73%

“…Fluorescence techniques have disclosed viral antigen in endothelial cells, perivascular astrocytes, and a small number of neurons from 4 pid, 28 and viral infection in both glial cells and perivascular infiltrate. 18 The immunoenzyme techniques used here revealed the presence of antigen at this early stage, but only in cell infiltrate and microglial cells in the rostral portion of the telencephalon; thenceforth, wider regional distribution was accompanied by occasional infection of endothelial cells, suggesting a nonuniform distribution of CSF virus through the CNS. Because the virus is distributed in the bloodstream, this time-lag in the detection of viral antigen in CNS studied areas could be attributed to different cellular behavior according with the different microenvironment conditions of CNS areas.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 61%

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Neuropathologic Study of Experimental Classical Swine Fever

et al. 2006

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The aim of this study was to report on the lesions occurring in the central nervous system (CNS) during experimental classical swine fever (CSF) to clarify the spatial and chronologic distribution of the lesions and virus antigen in the CNS. To learn more about the pathogenetic mechanisms of the lesions during CSF in the CNS and to investigate the role of the virus in these mechanisms, cellular infiltrates and infected cells have been characterized. Twenty-eight pigs were inoculated with the virulent CSF virus isolate Alfort 187 and slaughtered from 2 to 15 postinoculation days; 4 animals of similar background served as a control group. Immunohistochemistry, electron microscopy, and the transferase-mediated deoxyuridine triphosphate nick-end labeling method were used to detect viral antigens and apoptosis. The results showed the presence of nonpurulent meningoencephalitis, occasional microhemorrhages, and apoptosis of the lymphocytes forming the perivascular and interstitital infiltrate in swine with CSF. Macrophages appeared to display little involvement in CNS lesions. The infected cells observed at the early stage of disease were lymphocytes and microglial cells in the rostral portion of the telencephalon, with infection of these cells in other areas in the next stages. The relationship between these lesions and the presence of viral antigen varied according to the type of lesion: hemorrhages were not associated with the presence of antigen in endothelial cells, but infiltrate-cell apoptosis was temporally and spacially associated to viral infection. However, the link between viral infection and the presence of cell infiltrate was far from clear.

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Section: Introductionsupporting

confidence: 74%

Section: Introductionsupporting

confidence: 73%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 61%

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Neuropathologic Study of Experimental Classical Swine Fever

et al. 2006

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“…Nervous tissue is considered as one of the target tissues for CSFV, and histological lesions in the brains of pigs with chronic CSFV infection are similar to those in pigs experimentally inoculated with a low-virulence CSFV strain (Choi and Chae, 2003). Previous studies reported viral antigen detection in neurons, glial cells, endothelial cells, and cell infi ltrate during CSF infection (Pan et al, 1993;De las Mulas et al, 1997;Gómez-Villamandos et al, 2006;Polaček et al, 2008). A similar viral antigen distribution has been detected in our study, with the main exception of IHC positive neurons, although infection of neurons is reported in natural outbreaks of CSF (Pan et al, 1993;Trautwein, 1988).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 98%

“…Previous studies reported viral antigen detection in neurons, glial cells, endothelial cells, and cell infi ltrate during CSF infection (Pan et al, 1993;De las Mulas et al, 1997;Gómez-Villamandos et al, 2006;Polaček et al, 2008). A similar viral antigen distribution has been detected in our study, with the main exception of IHC positive neurons, although infection of neurons is reported in natural outbreaks of CSF (Pan et al, 1993;Trautwein, 1988). Th is diff erence may be due to a more prolonged course of the natural infection studied in mature pigs.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 98%

Classical Swine Fever Virus Detection in Fetal Swine Tissues by Immunohistochemistry

Polaček

Đurđević

Radulović

et al. 2020

AVM

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The classical swine fever virus has the ability to cross the placental barrier, resulting in the infection of fetuses, which may consequently lead to persistent infection in piglets. The aim of this study was to report the lesions in fetuses naturally infected with CSFV during late gestation and clarify the nature of infected cells and the distribution of viral antigen in different tissues. A total of twenty-nine fetuses aged 82, 83 and 95 gestational days originating from three naturally CSFV infected sows were examined in this study. In all tested sows and their fetuses CSFV was detected using RT-PCR method. Immunohistochemistry method was used to detect viral antigen and monoclonal antibody WH303 was used on formalin fixed tissue samples of brain, spleen, heart, tonsils, kidney, ileocecal valve and umbilical cord. The most common lesions in the majority of fetuses were hyperemia, petechial haemorrhages in the skin, lymph nodes and kidneys. With the exception of myocardium, CSF viral antigen was detected in all the examined tissues. WH303 positive cells included endothelial cells, monocytes, macrophages and lymphocytes. The largest number of positive cells was found in kidneys in all of the examined fetuses. Reticular cells, macrophages, lymphocytes and endothelial cells in the spleen were also intensely and widely stained in most of the fetuses. These results showed that CSFV antigen can be detected in formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded fetal tissue specimens originating from naturally CSFV infected sows by using monoclonal antibody WH303. Fetal kidneys proved to be a very useful organ for diagnosis of the CSF virus. Having that in mind, it is assumed that persistently infected piglets may shed a high amount of viral particles through urine. However, further research is needed to confirm this hypothesis.

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Laboratory decision-making during the classical swine fever epidemic of 1997–1998 in The Netherlands

Smit¹,

Eblé²,

Kluijver³

et al. 1999

Preventive Veterinary Medicine

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The skin, tongue, and brain as favorable organs for hog cholera diagnosis by immunofluorescence

Abstract: Hog cholera virus antigens were found densely distributed in skin and tongue of pigs experimentally infected with hog cholera virus. The finding described here warrants the usage of ear biopsies for hog cholera diagnosis on a herd basis.

Cited by 8 publications

References 3 publications

Neuropathologic Study of Experimental Classical Swine Fever

Neuropathologic Study of Experimental Classical Swine Fever

Classical Swine Fever Virus Detection in Fetal Swine Tissues by Immunohistochemistry

Laboratory decision-making during the classical swine fever epidemic of 1997–1998 in The Netherlands

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