The Skin and Subcutis

Yamate, Jyoji

doi:10.1016/b978-0-12-391448-4.00019-8

Cited by 6 publications

(14 citation statements)

References 45 publications

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“…Beginning at E14.5, ACD is also adopted by developing EpSCs in the basal layer to form hair placodes while generating progenies retaining the adult stem cell features [ 7 ]. These placodes interact with the dermal papilla, which develops into hair pegs that continue to mature into hair follicles at E18.5 and become fully functional with the ability to produce hair fibre at P21 in rodents [ 9 , 10 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Overexpression of Flii during Murine Embryonic Development Increases Symmetrical Division of Epidermal Progenitor Cells

Yang

Ahangar

Strudwick

et al. 2021

IJMS

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Epidermal progenitor cells divide symmetrically and asymmetrically to form stratified epidermis and hair follicles during late embryonic development. Flightless I (Flii), an actin remodelling protein, is implicated in Wnt/β-cat and integrin signalling pathways that govern cell division. This study investigated the effect of altering Flii on the divisional orientation of epidermal progenitor cells (EpSCs) in the basal layer during late murine embryonic development and early adolescence. The effect of altering Flii expression on asymmetric vs. symmetric division was assessed in vitro in adult human primary keratinocytes and in vivo at late embryonic development stages (E16, E17 and E19) as well as adolescence (P21 day-old) in mice with altered Flii expression (Flii knockdown: Flii+/−, wild type: WT, transgenic Flii overexpressing: FliiTg/Tg) using Western blot and immunohistochemistry. Flii+/− embryonic skin showed increased asymmetrical cell division of EpSCs with an increase in epidermal stratification and elevated talin, activated-Itgb1 and Par3 expression. FliiTg/Tg led to increased symmetrical cell division of EpSCs with increased cell proliferation rate, an elevated epidermal SOX9, Flap1 and β-cat expression, a thinner epidermis, but increased hair follicle number and depth. Flii promotes symmetric division of epidermal progenitor cells during murine embryonic development.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Overexpression of Flii during Murine Embryonic Development Increases Symmetrical Division of Epidermal Progenitor Cells

Yang

Ahangar

Strudwick

et al. 2021

IJMS

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“…These organs are stretch receptors that monitor the length of the muscle belly, and they contribute to fine motor control by activating motor neurons responsible for the stretch reflex. 26 Other receptor types have been defined (eg, bulbous [Ruffini] and tactile [Meissner’s] corpuscles, free nerve endings, hair disks [Haarscheibe]), 27 –31 but these typically are not apparent in routinely harvested and prepared tissues from animal toxicity studies. These special PNS receptors can be damaged by some PNS neurotoxicants.…”

Section: Normal Microanatomic Structures Of the Pnsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Atlas of Normal Microanatomy, Procedural and Processing Artifacts, Common Background Findings, and Neurotoxic Lesions in the Peripheral Nervous System of Laboratory Animals

Pardo

Weber²,

Cramer

et al. 2019

Toxicol Pathol

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The ability to differentiate among normal structures, procedural and processing artifacts, spontaneous background changes, and test article–related effects in the peripheral nervous system (PNS) is essential for interpreting microscopic features of ganglia and nerves evaluated in animal species commonly used in toxicity studies evaluating regulated products and chemicals. This atlas provides images of findings that may be encountered in ganglia and nerves of animal species commonly used in product discovery and development. Most atlas images are of tissues from control animals that were processed using routine methods (ie, immersion fixation in neutral-buffered 10% formalin, embedding in paraffin, sectioning at 5 µm, and staining with hematoxylin and eosin) since these preparations are traditionally applied to study materials produced during most animal toxicity studies. A few images are of tissues processed using special procedures (ie, immersion or perfusion fixation using methanol-free 4% formaldehyde, postfixation in glutaraldehyde and osmium, embedding in hard plastic resin, sectioning at 1 µm, and staining with toluidine blue), since these preparations promote better stabilization of lipids and thus optimal resolution of myelin sheaths. Together, this compilation provides a useful resource for discriminating among normal structures, procedure- and processing-related artifacts, incidental background changes, and treatment-induced findings that may be seen in PNS tissues of laboratory animals.

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“…Topical application of essential oils can induce concentration dependent skin irritation or inflammation [53]. It is reported that allergy and skin irritation caused by tea tree oil can be significantly reduced by diluting the tea tree oil [33, 54–56].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Acaricidal activity of plant-derived essential oil components against Psoroptes ovis in vitro and in vivo

et al. 2019

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Background Treatment of Psoroptes ovis in cattle is limited to topical acaricides or systemic treatment with macrocyclic lactones. Treatment failure of macrocyclic lactones has been reported. The aim of this study was to evaluate a potential alternative treatment against P. ovis . Methods The acaricidal activity against P. ovis of four plant-derived essential oil components, i.e. geraniol, eugenol, 1,8-cineol and carvacrol, was assessed in vitro and in vivo . In vitro contact, fumigation and residual bioassays were performed. In addition, 12 Belgium Blue cattle were artificially infested and treated topically once a week for three successive weeks with carvacrol in Tween-80 (treatment group) or with Tween-80 alone (control). The efficacy of carvacrol was determined by the reduction in lesion size and mite counts. Six additional animals were topically treated with carvacrol to assess local adverse reactions. Results Three components showed a concentration-dependent acaricidal activity in a contact assay, with LC 50 of 0.56, 0.38 and 0.26% at 24 h for geraniol, eugenol, and carvacrol, respectively. However, 1,8-cineol showed no activity at any of the tested concentrations in a contact bioassay. In a fumigation bioassay, carvacrol killed all mites within 50 min after treatment, whereas geraniol, eugenol and 1,8-cineol needed 90 to 150 min. Following a 72 h incubation period in a residual bioassay, carvacrol killed all mites after 4 h of exposure to LC 90, while geraniol and eugenol killed all mites only after 8 h exposure. Based on these results, carvacrol was further assessed in vivo . Mite counts in the treatment group were reduced by 98.5 ± 2.4% at 6 weeks post-treatment, while in the control group the mite population had increased. Topical application of carvacrol only caused mild and transient erythema 20 min after treatment. No other side effects were observed. Conclusions Considering the strong acaricidal activity of carvacrol in vitro and in vivo and the mild and transient local side effects, carvacrol shows potential as an acaricidal agent in the treatment of P. ovis in cattle.

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The Skin and Subcutis

Cited by 6 publications

References 45 publications

Overexpression of Flii during Murine Embryonic Development Increases Symmetrical Division of Epidermal Progenitor Cells

Overexpression of Flii during Murine Embryonic Development Increases Symmetrical Division of Epidermal Progenitor Cells

Atlas of Normal Microanatomy, Procedural and Processing Artifacts, Common Background Findings, and Neurotoxic Lesions in the Peripheral Nervous System of Laboratory Animals

Acaricidal activity of plant-derived essential oil components against Psoroptes ovis in vitro and in vivo

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