The Skin and Gut Microbiome in Hidradenitis Suppurativa: Current Understanding and Future Considerations for Research and Treatment

Luck, Marisa E.; Tao, Joy; Lake, Eden

doi:10.1007/s40257-022-00724-w

Cited by 9 publications

(11 citation statements)

References 140 publications

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“…It is well documented that inflammatory skin disorders are frequently associated with inflammatory bowel disease and that many individuals with a skin disease also have comorbidity with a gut disease. Such relationships between a skin-gut axis have been reported for atopic dermatitis ( 146 ), acne ( 147 ), psoriasis ( 148 ), rosacea ( 71 ), and hidradenitis suppurativa ( 149 ). Additionally, in psoriasis, a skin-brain axis has been proposed, where skin cells that express neuropeptides and hormones may be directly promoting systemic inflammation and inducing psychological effects in the brain ( 150 ).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 60%

Evolving approaches to profiling the microbiome in skin disease

2023

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Despite its harsh and dry environment, human skin is home to diverse microbes, including bacteria, fungi, viruses, and microscopic mites. These microbes form communities that may exist at the skin surface, deeper skin layers, and within microhabitats such as the hair follicle and sweat glands, allowing complex interactions with the host immune system. Imbalances in the skin microbiome, known as dysbiosis, have been linked to various inflammatory skin disorders, including atopic dermatitis, acne, and psoriasis. The roles of abundant commensal bacteria belonging to Staphylococcus and Cutibacterium taxa and the fungi Malassezia, where particular species or strains can benefit the host or cause disease, are increasingly appreciated in skin disorders. Furthermore, recent research suggests that the interactions between microorganisms and the host’s immune system on the skin can have distant and systemic effects on the body, such as on the gut and brain, known as the “skin-gut” or “skin-brain” axes. Studies on the microbiome in skin disease have typically relied on 16S rRNA gene sequencing methods, which cannot provide accurate information about species or strains of microorganisms on the skin. However, advancing technologies, including metagenomics and other functional ‘omic’ approaches, have great potential to provide more comprehensive and detailed information about the skin microbiome in health and disease. Additionally, inter-species and multi-kingdom interactions can cause cascading shifts towards dysbiosis and are crucial but yet-to-be-explored aspects of many skin disorders. Better understanding these complex dynamics will require meta-omic studies complemented with experiments and clinical trials to confirm function. Evolving how we profile the skin microbiome alongside technological advances is essential to exploring such relationships. This review presents the current and emerging methods and their findings for profiling skin microbes to advance our understanding of the microbiome in skin disease.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 60%

Evolving approaches to profiling the microbiome in skin disease

2023

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“…Furthermore, this concept is also sustained by IL‐4/13 signaling impairement that we detected with REACTOME, a classic sign of barrier dysfuntion (i.e. atopic dermatitis 74 ) and dysbiosis 75 . No data are present at the moment regarding the use of IL‐4/IL‐13 or even IL‐13 antagonists on HS.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 72%

“…atopic dermatitis 74 ) and dysbiosis. 75 No data are present at the moment regarding the use of IL-4/IL-13 or even IL-13 antagonists on HS.…”

Section: Hs Is An Autoinflammatory Condition Involving Keratinizationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Hidradenitis suppurativa presents a methylome dysregulation capable to explain the pro‐inflammatory microenvironment: Are these DNA methylations potential therapeutic targets?

Radhakrishna

Uppala

Jhala

et al. 2023

Acad Dermatol Venereol

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BackgroundHidradenitis suppurativa (HS) is a chronic, systemic, inflammatory skin condition with elusive pathogenesis that affects therapeutic intervention directly.ObjectiveTo characterize epigenetic variations in cytokines genes contributing to HS.MethodsEpigenome‐wide DNA methylation profiling with the Illumina Epic array was performed on blood DNA samples from 24 HS patients and 24 age‐ and sex‐matched controls to explore DNA methylation changes in cytokine genes.ResultsWe identified 170 cytokine genes including 27 hypermethylated CpG sites and 143 genes with hypomethylated sites respectively. Hypermethylated genes, including LIF, HLA‐DRB1, HLA‐G, MTOR, FADD, TGFB3, MALAT1 and CCL28; hypomethylated genes, including NCSTN, SMAD3, IGF1R, IL1F9, NOD2, NOD1, YY1, DLL1 and BCL2 may contribute to the pathogenesis of HS. These genes were enriched in the 117 different pathways (FDR p‐values ≤ 0.05), including IL‐4/IL‐13 pathways and Wnt/β‐catenin signalling.ConclusionsThe lack of wound healing, microbiome dysbiosis and increased tumour susceptibility are all sustained by these dysfunctional methylomes, hopefully, capable to be targeted in the next future. Since methylome describes and summarizes genetic and environmental contributions, these data may represent a further step towards a feasible precision medicine also for HS patients.

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“…The King’s discomfort and constant production of pus are far more consistent with hidradenitis suppurativa (HS). HS is a chronic, recurrent auto-inflammatory skin disease, often found in the axillae or groin, that may be associated with the formation of painful abscesses, deep nodules, and sinus tracts [ 10 ]. While it is rare for it to manifest on the extremities, Froissart is not precise in his description of precisely where the mysterious condition was on the king’s arm; it may have been in a more axillary location.…”

Section: Reviewmentioning

confidence: 99%

“The Terror of Death Began To Stalk Him”: The Mysterious Fistula of Charles the Wise

Turner¹

2022

Cureus

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For 23 years, Charles V "The Wise" of France suffered from a mysterious fistula on his left arm that continuously drained pus. For all this time, he believed that as soon as the fistula ceased to weep, he would have a mere 15 days before death followed. His death in 1380, at the young age of 42, seemingly proved this assumption correct. This paper explores the possible explanations from arsenic poisoning at the hands of his longtime nemesis Charles II, as many of his contemporaries believed, to an undiagnosed case of hidradenitis suppurativa, to an underlying tuberculosis infection, to the possibility that his condition was entirely selfinflicted. While it is impossible to determine a definitive cause, it is highly unlikely that Charles II "The Bad" of Navarre had anything to do with his rival's strange condition.

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The Skin and Gut Microbiome in Hidradenitis Suppurativa: Current Understanding and Future Considerations for Research and Treatment

Cited by 9 publications

References 140 publications

Evolving approaches to profiling the microbiome in skin disease

Evolving approaches to profiling the microbiome in skin disease

Hidradenitis suppurativa presents a methylome dysregulation capable to explain the pro‐inflammatory microenvironment: Are these DNA methylations potential therapeutic targets?

“The Terror of Death Began To Stalk Him”: The Mysterious Fistula of Charles the Wise

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