The Skid-Resisting Properties of Wet Surfaces at High Speeds: Exploratory Measurements with a Small Braking Force Trailer

Abstract

The effectiveness of any braking system is ultimately limited by the point at which the wheels lock and slide over the surface on which the stop is being made. When surfaces are clean and dry the adhesion with a rubber tyre is high enough to meet most requirements of braking without risk of skidding. In wet, or in icy conditions, however, adhesion may be reduced to such an extent that, even with efficient brakes, stopping distances are greatly increased and dangerous conditions can arise. Under wet conditions there are special difficulties. Different surfaces may have very different skid-resisting properties and, in addition, when surfaces are wet, the adhesion with a tyre depends on speed, generally diminishing as speed is raised.

Maleic Anhydride Modified Dicyclopentadiene Resin for Improving Wet Skid Resistance of Silica Filled SSBR/BR Composites

“…Vulcanizates with different content of M-DCPD resin were obtained after curing at 160 • C. They are named as R0, R2, R4, R6 and R8, representing composites with M0, M2, M4, M6 and M8 added, respectively. Using dynamic mechanical properties at low temperature to evaluate the WSR is accepted by most researchers in that deformation hysteresis is considered as one of major routes to dissipate energy under either the high frequency or low temperature [13,20]. The internal dissipation, i.e., tanδ was then accordingly measured.…”

“…In fact, the friction coefficient between elastomer and rigid surface, which depends mostly on whether lubricant is able to flow, increases evidently only if lubricant is thin enough to adhere tightly on the elastomer. In addition, as Giles [13] mentioned in "three area" conception, the key to enhance wet friction is to enlarge traction area in down, the mixture was kept in xylene for 2 h to remove the unreacted MAH. The purified product was filtered and dried under vacuum.…”

Drainage Criteria for Runway Surface Roughness

“…The "feel" of a surface accurately described by Gough 141 and Giles (10) as being a primary factor in determining the rate at which the water film on the asperity tips is displaced, is in fact some combination of the size, spacing and shape factors and may well be given by the expressions for theoretical channelisation or the dimensionless number. Consider for the moment the sinkage rate ratio curve for cubed and square pyramid asperity surfaces of the same asperity height s and the same outflow area per linear inch of profile.…”