The size of the infantile palate

Denzer, Bernard S.

doi:10.1016/s0099-6963(22)80089-2

Cited by 3 publications

(4 citation statements)

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“…2(b)) has been reported to increase from 6•5 to 11•5 mm in all the studies, with a mean value of about 9 mm. Hohoff et al (15) , Bakwin & Bakwin (13) and Procter et al (14) reported similar growth from 8 to 10 mm from birth to 12 months of age, and Denzer (12) did not report such growth and data are scattered about 9 mm at all ages. Knowing the palatal width and height, the authors determined the palatal index ( Fig.…”

Section: Development Of the Mastication Apparatus With Agementioning

confidence: 93%

“…It is interesting to note that both maxilla and mandible grow in length by a similar amount of about 20 -25 mm. When comparing the palatal and mandibular dimensions of infants (12,13,15,16) with those of older children (16,17) and adults (16,18) , it appears that the bone dimensions (palatal width, height and length and mandibular length) seem to evolve as much over the first year of life as they do between 1 year of age and puberty, after which growth continues until the bones reach the adult dimension by 18 years of age. This suggests that a high lever exists on orofacial anatomy modelling during the weaning period, hence the importance of offering appropriate textures at this age to support orofacial growth.…”

Section: Development Of the Mastication Apparatus With Agementioning

confidence: 99%

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Anatomical, functional, physiological and behavioural aspects of the development of mastication in early childhood

2013

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Mastication efficiency is defined as the efficiency of crushing food between the teeth and manipulating the resulting particles to form a swallowable food bolus. It is dependent on the orofacial anatomical features of the subject, the coordination of these anatomical features and the consistency of the food used during testing. Different measures have been used to indirectly quantify mastication efficiency as a function of children's age such as observations, food bolus characterisation, muscle activity measurement and jaw movement tracking. In the present review, we aim to describe the changes in the oral physiology (e.g. bone and muscle structure, teeth and soft tissues) of children and how these changes are associated with mastication abilities. We also review previous work on the effect of food consistency on children's mastication abilities and on their level of texture acceptance. The lack of reference foods and differences in testing methodologies across different studies do not allow us to draw conclusions about (1) the age at which mastication efficiency reaches maturity and (2) the effect of food consistency on the establishment of mature mastication efficiency. The effect of food consistency on the development of children's mastication efficiency has not been tested widely. However, both human and animal studies have reported the effect of food consistency on orofacial development, suggesting that a diet with harder textures enhances bone and muscle growth, which could indirectly lead to better mastication efficiency. Finally, it was also reported that (1) children are more likely to accept textures that they are able to manipulate and (2) early exposure to a range of textures facilitates the acceptance of foods of various textures later on. Recommending products well adapted to children's mastication during weaning could facilitate their acceptance of new textures and support the development of healthy eating habits.

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Section: Development Of the Mastication Apparatus With Agementioning

confidence: 93%

Section: Development Of the Mastication Apparatus With Agementioning

confidence: 99%

Anatomical, functional, physiological and behavioural aspects of the development of mastication in early childhood

2013

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“…The depth and width of the palate were related to gestation and postmenstrual age, with the most mature babies having the largest palates. To permit comparison of the palate shape in infants at different gestational and postmenstrual ages, we therefore used the ratio of palate depth to width (Palatal Index) 13. We found that although there was considerable individual variation in palatal index, it was not related to gestation or postmenstrual age.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…To assess the depth of the palate relative to the size of the mouth, the Palatal Index, a ratio of palate depth to palate width (BE/CD),13 was calculated. The greater the value of the Palatal Index, the deeper the palate relative to the size of the mouth.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Deformation of the palate in preterm infants

Procter

Lether²,

Oliver³

et al. 1998

Archives of Disease in Childhood - Fetal and Neonatal Edition

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Aim-To investigate the eVect of gestation, postmenstrual age, and orotracheal intubation on palate morphology. Methods-A prospective study was made of 76 newborn infants of 25 to 41 weeks' gestation. Palate dimensions were measured on plaster models produced from serial palatal impressions. Palate size relative to that of the mouth was assessed using a ratio of palate depth to palate width (Palatal Index). Results-Palate depth and width were related to postmenstrual age and gestation. Palatal Index ranged from 0.15 to 0.57, indicating a wide variation in palate shape, but gestation and postmenstrual age had no eVect. Prolonged intubation had a small eVect, equivalent to an increase in palatal depth of less than 2 mm at 32 weeks' postmenstrual age. The eVect was transient. Conclusion-Prolonged orotracheal intubation (>10 days) leads to a small and temporary increase in palatal depth. However, this is unlikely to account for palatal grooving, which is probably caused by an overgrowth of the lateral palatine ridges. (Arch Dis Child Fetal Neonatal Ed 1998;78:F29-F32)

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Palatal development of preterm and low birthweight infants compared to term infants – What do we know? Part 1: The palate of the term newborn

et al. 2005

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BackgroundThe evidence on prematurity as 'a priori' a risk for palatal disturbances that increase the need for orthodontic or orthognathic treatment is still weak. Further well-designed clinical studies are needed. The objective of this review is to provide a fundamental analysis of methodologies, confounding factors, and outcomes of studies on palatal development. One focus of this review is the analysis of studies on the palate of the term newborn, since knowing what is 'normal' is a precondition of being able to assess abnormalities.MethodsA search profile based on Cochrane search strategies applied to 10 medical databases was used to identify existing studies. Articles, mainly those published before 1960, were identified from hand searches in textbooks, encyclopedias, reference lists and bibliographies. Sources in English, German, and French of more than a century were included. Data for term infants were recalculated if particular information about weight, length, or maturity was given. The extracted values, especially those from non-English paper sources, were provided unfiltered for comparison.ResultsThe search strategy yielded 182 articles, of which 155 articles remained for final analysis. Morphology of the term newborn's palate was of great interest in the first half of the last century. Two general methodologies were used to assess palatal morphology: visual and metrical descriptions. Most of the studies on term infants suffer from lack of reliability tests. The groove system was recognized as the distinctive feature of the infant palate. The shape of the palate of the term infant may vary considerably, both visually and metrically. Gender, race, mode of delivery, and nasal deformities were identified as causes contributing to altered palatal morphology. Until today, anatomical features of the newborn's palate are subject to a non-uniform nomenclature.ConclusionToday's knowledge of a newborn's 'normal' palatal morphology is based on non-standardized and limited methodologies for measuring a three-dimensional shape. This shortcoming increases bias and is the reason for contradictory research results, especially if pathologic conditions like syndromes or prematurity are involved. Adequate measurement techniques are needed and the 'normal palatal morphology' should be defined prior to new clinical studies on palatal development.

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The size of the infantile palate

Cited by 3 publications

References 0 publications

Anatomical, functional, physiological and behavioural aspects of the development of mastication in early childhood

Anatomical, functional, physiological and behavioural aspects of the development of mastication in early childhood

Deformation of the palate in preterm infants

Palatal development of preterm and low birthweight infants compared to term infants – What do we know? Part 1: The palate of the term newborn

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