The Size of Flames From Natural Fires

Modeling of Fire for Risk Assessment in Petrochemical Industries

“…The equation used most frequently in hazard assessment is that of Thomas (1963) fQ.~ toto (1) which was derived from experiments with wooden crib fires under calm conditions. For wind blown flames Thomas (1965) gives…”

Linking Landscape Fires and Local Meteorology ─ A Short Review

“…(1) and (2). There followed considerable interest in plumes in general and the possible applications to blow-up fires (3) , entrainment into fire without cross winds (4) , free burning crib fires (5) , momentum balances for plume modelling (6) , laboratory studies of fire whirls (7) , radiation effects (8) , links with meso-scale meteorology (9) , the role of pressure in generating fire wind (10) and the effect of wind profiles on fire development (11) . The possible connection between vortices and crown fires has also been a popular topic for investigation; e.g.…”

The Needed Fire Science

“…Although considerable effort has been expended (73,74,81,82,86,122,123,131) we are a long way from understanding the full process of flame combustion. All of the quantities required for fire modeling, soot production, radiation, fraction of heat release, residual unburned fuel and toxic products are now obtained from incomplete (for this purpose) experimental results (138).…”

“…Flame height correlation formulas exist (81,122) and the base of the flame is set by the burning surface of a solid or liquid fuel. But here our knOWledge of flame geometry stops.…”