THE SIZE MOBILITY OF EARNINGS<sup>*</sup>

Hart, P. D’Arcy

doi:10.1111/j.1468-0084.1983.mp45002003.x

Cited by 11 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 15 publications

(12 reference statements)

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Metcalf (1972) described a method for estimating the displaced lognormal distribution by anchoring it at three symmetrically spaced quantiles in the empirical data. Hart (1983) estimated the moments of the bivariate lognormal distribution for British 1971−1978 male earnings accounting for household size and composition. While Gibrat's and Metcalf's 2-and 3-parameter lognormal distributions have been shown to provide an inferior fit at the complete top, they continue to be used for incomes lower down in the distribution.…”

Section: 21mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Parametric representation of the top of income distributions: Options, historical evidence, and model selection

Hlásny

2021

Journal of Economic Surveys

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Empirical distributions of top incomes suffer from statistical problems affecting the measurement of inequality and its trend. Researchers and practitioners have been increasingly noting parametric regularities across income distributions and turning to parametric functions to approximate or supplement the observed distributions, both for descriptive purposes and for correcting distributional statistics derived from data. The proliferation of distinct branches of modeling literature has highlighted the need to compare the alternative modeling options, and develop systematic tools to discriminate between them. This paper reviews the state of methodological and empirical knowledge regarding the adoptable parametric functions, and lists references and statistical programs allowing practitioners to apply these models to microdata in household surveys and administrative registers, or grouped‐records data from national accounts statistics. Implications for modeling the distributions of other economic outcomes including consumption and wealth, and incomes below the topmost tail, are drawn. For incomes, a handful of distribution functions hold promise for modeling the top tails based on theoretical and empirical properties—namely the extreme values distributions, the generalized Pareto, the Singh–Maddala and the generalized beta type 2. Understanding these functions in relation to other commonly invoked alternatives is a contribution of this review.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: 21mentioning

confidence: 99%

Parametric representation of the top of income distributions: Options, historical evidence, and model selection

Hlásny

2021

Journal of Economic Surveys

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“…To see why this is, and understand why the evaluation of the progress that has been made, requires rethinking of current empirical approaches to equality of opportunity 8 Behrman and Taubman (1990), Solon (1992), Mulligan (1999), Corak and Heisz (1999), Couch and Lillard (2004), Grawe (2004), andBratsberg et al (2007) all being examples. 9 Bartholemew (1982), Blanden et al (2004), Chakravarty (1995), Dearden et al (1997), Hart (1983), Maasoumi (1986), Maasoumi (1986), Prais (1955), Shorrocks (1978), and Van de Gaer et al (2001) have all produced mobility indices many of which are discussed in Maasoumi (1996). measurement, the structure of the equality of opportunity problem, the logic of a quali- ] respectively, such that p k = Pr(k) for parents, and c i = Pr(i) for children.…”

Section: Examining Progress Toward the Equal Opportunity Imperativementioning

confidence: 99%

Measuring Advances in Equality of Opportunity: The Changing Gender Gap in Educational Attainment in Canada in the Last Half Century

2013

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The notion of Equality of Opportunity (EO) has pervaded much of economic and social justice policy over the last half century in conveying a sense of liberation from the circumstances that constrain an individual's ability to achieve it, and it has been a cornerstone of many gender equality programs. However unequivocal pursuit of the so called "Luck Egalitarianism" imperative has met with many critics who question why individuals who are blessed with good circumstances would wish to be "liberated" from them. This has led to a more qualified pursuit of Equal Opportunity which adds an additional proviso − that no circumstance group should be made worse off by such a policy or decentralized private initiative. A QEO goal is generally found to cohere with the data with females becoming less attached to their parental educational circumstance, and indeed surpassing males in their educational attainments.

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“…(2004), Chakravarty (1995), Dearden et al. (1997), Hart (1983), Maasoumi (1986), Maasoumi and Zandvakili (1986), Shorrocks (1976, 1978) have all produced “Transition” based mobility indices, many of which are discussed in Maasoumi (1998).…”

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confidence: 99%

Child Poverty, Investment in Children and Generational Mobility: The Short and Long Term Wellbeing of Children in Urban China After the One Child Policy

Anderson

Leo²

2009

Review of Income and Wealth

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China's One Child Policy (OCP), introduced in 1979, changed fundamentally the nature of both existing and anticipated marriage arrangements and influenced family formation decisions in many dimensions, especially with respect to the number of and investment in children. The policy coincided with the Economic Reforms of 1979 and the trend toward greater urbanization, all of which may have influenced the wellbeing of children. This paper examines the mobility status consequence of children in urban China since the introduction of the OCP and the economic reforms using data drawn from urban household surveys in China. The analysis first makes the comparison between child poverty in Canada, the United Kingdom and urban India, where it was found that both status and trends of child poverty are very different among the countries, with children not being over‐represented in the poverty group in urban China. The extent to which the policies influenced investment in children is next examined by studying the way in which the relationship between the educational attainment of children and family characteristics changed within families formed prior to and after 1979. We found that the impact of household income and parental educational attainment increased significantly over time, with a positive gender effect where girls advanced more than boys. Applying new techniques for measuring mobility, we observe the reduction in intergenerational mobility. This phenomenon is found to be particularly prevalent in the lower income quantiles, reinforcing a dynastic notion of poverty.

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THE SIZE MOBILITY OF EARNINGS^*

Cited by 11 publications

References 15 publications

Parametric representation of the top of income distributions: Options, historical evidence, and model selection

Parametric representation of the top of income distributions: Options, historical evidence, and model selection

Measuring Advances in Equality of Opportunity: The Changing Gender Gap in Educational Attainment in Canada in the Last Half Century

Child Poverty, Investment in Children and Generational Mobility: The Short and Long Term Wellbeing of Children in Urban China After the One Child Policy

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THE SIZE MOBILITY OF EARNINGS*

Cited by 11 publications

References 15 publications

Parametric representation of the top of income distributions: Options, historical evidence, and model selection

Parametric representation of the top of income distributions: Options, historical evidence, and model selection

Measuring Advances in Equality of Opportunity: The Changing Gender Gap in Educational Attainment in Canada in the Last Half Century

Child Poverty, Investment in Children and Generational Mobility: The Short and Long Term Wellbeing of Children in Urban China After the One Child Policy

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THE SIZE MOBILITY OF EARNINGS^*