In a market that is flooded with forgeries, the first step in determining the value is identification of the artwork authenticity. Also from the art history point of view professional expertise based on different techniques are necessary. In this work we introduce Environmental scanning electron microscopy (ESEM) with energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscope analysis (EDS) as non-invasive methods for micromorphological and elemental analysis of ivory samples used as supports for historical miniature painting. Miniature portraits are very subtle paintings, where any collection of micro-samples is generally unacceptable. Their popularity was mainly in the 19th century, but there are a number of copies and imitations, whose recognition is difficult. The true natural ivory was widely substituted by different bones or an artificial ivory, represented by various types of plastics.From anatomical point of view, genuine animal ivory is an upper incisor consisted mainly from dentin and in upper part from thin layer of email. Dentine is interlaced with sub-parallel channels named dental tubules. Dentine is consisted from hydroxyapatite (Ca5(PO4)3(OH)), however a tissue is created from organic part (30 %) and minerals 70% [1,2]. From historical point of view, the composition and surface morphology of ivory supports as well as the composition of paint layers is conducted to identify the artworks specifics such as region and date of creation, and the painting technique used, which is specific to each artist. In the case of miniature painting only non-invasive approaches of the analysis should be carried out. These nonconductive samples could be very susceptible to environmental and electron beam conditions [3]. ESEM is suitable method allowing using optimal environmental humidity to protect sample drying, cracking or potential chemical modification.As the first task pure ivory plate without any painting was studied with the aim to confirm its natural origin and to optimize conditions of safe measurement of valuable artworks on this type of support. This plate was probably made in the early 20th century and was designed to produce a forgery. Whole elliptical plate with the dimensions of 50 mm in length was studied using ESEM QUANTA 650 FEG equipped with MAPS software for imaging of large area. Elemental analysis and mapping were realized with EDS Bruker XFlash 6/60. Working conditions and detectors were selected according to the method. For morphological study: from 200 to 400 Pa of water vapour, beam energy 10 kV, probe current 50 pA, working distance 8 mm and GSED (FEI) detector were used. Mapping and elemental analysis were made under conditions: 150 Pa of water vapour, beam energy 15 kV and probe current 70 pA, working distance 10 mm. A GAD (FEI) detector was used for imaging and shortening the gas path length.Our observation confirmed the authenticity of the plate. The characteristic dentine tubules are visible on the Fig. 1 B and D (black arrows). Micrographs on Fig. 1A, B show the presence of many scrapes 1832