The sixteen personality factor test in clinical practice

Karson, Samuel

doi:10.1002/1097-4679(195904)15:2<174::aid-jclp2270150215>3.0.co;2-e

Cited by 15 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 5 publications

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“…Higher neuroticism and lower extraversion levels have been observed in hypertensive individuals than in controls (Sainsbury 1960(Sainsbury , 1964Robinson, 1962). Diagnosed hypertensives have higher scores on "anxiety-neurosis" factors than controls as measured by the 16 Personality Factor Inventory (16PF) (Karson, 1959;Kidson, 1971). However, hypertensive individuals, diagnosed at the time of testing, were similar to controls (Robinson, 1962;Kidson, 1971;Cochrane, 1973), suggesting that diagnosis and treatment in some way is responsible for the difference observed in the previously diagnosed hypertensives.…”

Section: Blood Pressure and Psychological Variablesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Genetic and familial factors in essential hypertension and related traits

Siervogel

1983

American J Phys Anthropol

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The health significance of essential hypertension (high blood pressure of undefined origin) is well established. It is a major factor contributing to coronary heart disease, stroke, and kidney failure. It directly affects about one in five Americans. Factors which are known to be associated with blood pressure include: body composition as it relates to overall mass and fat mass; physiological variables involving the sympathetic and parasympathetic nervous systems; biochemical variables such as renin, aldosterone, kallikrein, lipids, and lipoproteins, etc.; environmental variables such as sodium intake, heavy metals, and noise; and psychological variables involving personality type and mental stress.There is a definite, well-established genetic involvement in hypertension, but specific genetic mechanisms remain a mystery. Familial aggregation occurs for many of the associated traits listed above. For some, specific polymorphic major genes have been identified, but for others genetic factors are unidentified. Essential hypertension is undoubtedly a heterogeneous group of diseases with the common end result of elevated blood pressure. Because of its health significance, there is considerable interest in identifying genetic mechanisms resulting in essential hypertension. One area that currently shows some potential for the identification of a specific genetic mechanism is related to the transmembrane transport of sodium and potassium cations.A genetic component has long been suspected in essential hypertension, but a clear and definitive genetic mechanism has yet to be identified. Since there are many variables that can affect blood pressure, this review of the genetics of essential hypertension necessarily involves a discussion of related traits. Before focusing on the genetic and familial aspects of hypertension a description of the normal course of human blood pressure is presented and some of the traits related to it are discussed. NATURAL HISTORY OF BLOOD PRESSUREUntil recently, reports describing blood pressure patterns during the neonatal period were relatively few, largely because of the difficulty of accurately measuring blood pressure in infants by noninvasive techniques. The ultrasonic technique utilizing the Doppler effect greatly facilitated noninvasive systolic blood pressure determination in infants (McLaughlin et al., 1971). Accurate automatic methods are currently available using the oscillometric principal coupled with a microcomputer and a standard limb blood presure cuff (Friesen and Lichtor, 1981). Even in adults newer methods are being developed (Wolthuis et al., 1981).© 1983 Alan R. Liss, Inc. [Vol.26,1983 Systolic blood pressure tends to increase sharply during the first two weeks of life from a mean of 70 mmHg at 2 days to 84 mmHg at 2 weeks. It continues to increase at a slightly slower rate over the next 4 weeks to a mean of about 93 mmHg at 6 weeks (Earley et aI., 1980); from 6 weeks to 1 year af age there is little change in systolic pressure (deSwiet et aI., 1975(deSwiet et ...

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Section: Blood Pressure and Psychological Variablesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Genetic and familial factors in essential hypertension and related traits

Siervogel

1983

American J Phys Anthropol

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“…Research samples that represented four major diagnostic groups were assembled from data collected in nine separate studies reported in the literature (Cattell, Komlos, & Tatro, 1968;Forbes, 1972;Gleser & Gottschalk, 1967;Gross & Carpenter, 1971;Howe & Helmes, 1980;Hoy, 1969;Karson, 1959;Kirchner & Marzolf, 1974; Dana, Bolton, & Gritzmacher, Note 1). The four psychiatric syndrome groups with total sample sizes in parentheses are: Nonparanoid schizophrenics (N = 250), major depressives (N = 143).…”

Section: Subjects and Proceduresmentioning

confidence: 99%

16PF source traits associated with DSM-III symptoms for four diagnostic groups

1983

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Provided evidence of 16PF validity by meta‐analysis of source‐trait profiles from nine studies for four psychiatric groups (N = 916) (nonparanoid schizophrenics, major depressives, anxiety disorders, alcoholics). All groups had mean sten profiles that deviated markedly from normal personality, and there was considerable convergence between salient traits and diagnostic criteria except for alcoholics.

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“…Indeed, one must be prepared to find that when the clinician gets an urge to be really experimental, he naively does a classical, bivariate, brass instrument experiment that denies his whole birthright. There are striking exceptions to this as in the work of Ackerman (1942), Baggaley (1958), Barratt (1962), Berg (1955), Burt (1940), Butler (1954), Cartwright (1957), Campbell (1950), Coan (1959, Damarin (1963), Digman (1963), Dingman (1958), Eysenck (1952), Fiske (1949, Geertsma (1959), Holzman (1963, Horn (1961), Howard (1961), Karson (1958Karson ( , 1959Karson ( , 1961, Lorr (1953Lorr ( , 1955, McQuitty (1954), Meehl (1954), , Norman (I960), Peterson (1959), Schaie (1958), Sells (1957Sells ( , 1962, Sweney (1962Sweney ( , 1963, Taylor (1950), Thorndike (1961), Watson (1959), Wittenborn (1951) and some others. But these are an unusual kind of clinical psychologist, though, let us hope, a vanguard.…”

Section: Rate Of Learningmentioning

confidence: 99%

Concepts Of Personality Growing From Multivariate Experiments.

Cattell¹

Concepts of Personality.

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The sixteen personality factor test in clinical practice

Cited by 15 publications

References 5 publications

Genetic and familial factors in essential hypertension and related traits

Genetic and familial factors in essential hypertension and related traits

16PF source traits associated with DSM-III symptoms for four diagnostic groups

Concepts Of Personality Growing From Multivariate Experiments.

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