The Siwalik group (Molasse) — Sediments shed by collision of continental plates

Parkash, B.; Sharma, Rajveer; Roy, Arpita

doi:10.1016/0037-0738(80)90058-5

Cited by 133 publications

(68 citation statements)

References 15 publications

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“…According to Davis (1898), a very gentle (0.0148 = 0.0002) depositional landform formed by the Yellow River in China is one of the largest alluvial fans in the world. Another large and gentle landform formed by the Kosi River at the foot of Himalayas (0.0198 = 0.0003; Stanistreet and McCarthy, 1993) has been called a wet fan (Schumm, 1977), mega-cone (Parkash et al, 1980), large flat fan (Wells and Dorr, 1987), and megafan (Gohain and Parkash, 1990). Such gentle fans with many distributary channels, which have been sedimentologically called fluvial distributary systems (Nicols and Hirst, 1998), also occur in the other Himalayan piedmonts and along the Andes (Singh et al, 1993;Iriondo, 1993;Sinha and Friend, 1994;DeCelles and Cavazza, 1999).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 98%

Slope of alluvial fans in humid regions of Japan, Taiwan and the Philippines

Saito

Oguchi

2005

Geomorphology

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 98%

Slope of alluvial fans in humid regions of Japan, Taiwan and the Philippines

Saito

Oguchi

2005

Geomorphology

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“…sedimentation processes and the present geographic setting of the basin are essentially the continuation of the processes and setup since about the Middle Miocene with minor modifications (Parkash et al, 1980). Study of these plains should provide an understanding of controls on the pedological, geomorphological, and sedimentologial processes acing in this foreland basin.…”

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confidence: 99%

Holocene tectono-geomorphic evolution of parts of the Upper and Middle Gangetic plains, India

et al. 2011

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“…Significant contributions have been made by a number of workers during the past three decades on various aspects of clay minerals. Some of the more important contributions during the past decade have been made by [2][3][4][5][6][7][8][9][10][11][12][13][14][15][16].…”

Section: Figure 1 Geological Map Of the Pinjor Formation In The Typementioning

confidence: 99%

Clay Minerals as Climate Change Indicators—A Case Study

Chaudhri¹,

Singh²

2012

AJCC

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The clay mineralogy of the Late Pliocene-Early Pleistocene Pinjor Formation of the type area, northwestern Himalaya, India has been investigated to understand the paleoclimatic conditions and paleotectonic regime prevailing in the frontal Himalayan terrain during 2.5 Ma to 1.7 Ma. The clay minerals were investigated by X-ray diffraction analysis and scanning electron microscope studies. Study of the oriented aggregates of 47 representative clay samples of the Pinjor Formation of the type area reveals that illite is the most dominant mineral followed by chlorite, kaolinite, vermiculite and mixed layer clay minerals. The distribution of the clay minerals in the three lithostratigraphic units of the Formation, namely the Kona Clay Member, the Tanda Bhagwanpur Wacke Member and the Chauki Nadah Pebbly Bed Member which are well exposed along the Berwala-Mandhna section, the Kona-Karaundanwala section and the Ghaggar River-Chauki Nadah section, is nearly uniform suggesting thereby the prevalence of similar sedimentation environments in the Himalayan foreland basin. The presence of illite and kaolinite suggests their derivation from crystalline rocks containing felspar and mica as also from pre-existing soils and sedimentary rocks. Further, the paleoclimatic conditions were moderate. Presence of chlorite suggests the weathering of intermediate and basic crystalline rocks and low grade metamorphic rocks in the positive areas. The presence of kaolinite in the Pinjor Formation is mainly attributed to the weathering and subsequent leaching of the mineral from granitic and basic rocks in the hinterland. Vermiculite has been mainly formed by weathering and transformation of biotite. Warm and humid climatic conditions prevailed for a major part during the deposition of the detritus which favored weathering and transformation of minerals. During the terminal phase of sedimentation there was renewed tectonic activity which had a significant impact on climate as precipitation and mechanical weathering rates increased substantially. Post 1.7 Ma there was a marked shift in temperature patterns and subsequent cooling of the landmass, which resulted in a decreased vegetation cover and a subsequent decrease in animal population thriving on it.

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The Siwalik group (Molasse) — Sediments shed by collision of continental plates

Cited by 133 publications

References 15 publications

Slope of alluvial fans in humid regions of Japan, Taiwan and the Philippines

Slope of alluvial fans in humid regions of Japan, Taiwan and the Philippines

Holocene tectono-geomorphic evolution of parts of the Upper and Middle Gangetic plains, India

Clay Minerals as Climate Change Indicators—A Case Study

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