The Sink-Specific Plastidic Phosphate Transporter PHT4;2 Influences Starch Accumulation and Leaf Size in Arabidopsis

Irigoyen, Sonia; Karlsson, Patrik; Kuruvilla, Jacob; Spetea, Cornelia; Versaw, Wayne K.

doi:10.1104/pp.111.181925

Cited by 56 publications

(50 citation statements)

References 73 publications

(78 reference statements)

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“…We proposed previously that the physiologically relevant role of PHT4;2, a plastidic Pi transporter, was export of Pi from root plastids (Irigoyen et al, 2011). This hypothesis was based on transport assays conducted with isolated root plastids, but the assays also revealed an import activity, which we viewed as a consequence of transport reversibility under our assay conditions.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 69%

“…A consequence of the unbalanced phosphate moieties associated with this exchange is that Pi would accumulate to deleterious levels if not balanced by export. We proposed previously that the plastidic Pi transporter PHT4;2 confers this export activity in root plastids (Irigoyen et al, 2011). Transport activities measured with root plastids isolated from the wild type and a pht4;2 mutant support this idea.…”

Section: Live Imaging Of Pi In Root Plastids Of the Wild Type And A Pmentioning

confidence: 60%

“…Confocal microscopy coupled with ratiometric analysis or acceptor photobleaching detected changes in cytosolic Pi levels in root epidermal cells in response to Pi starvation, and these changes were fully reversed by Pi replenishment. Plastid-localized versions of the same sensors expressed in wild-type plants and mutants lacking the PHOSPHATE TRANSPORT4;2 (PHT4;2) plastidic Pi transporter (Irigoyen et al, 2011) were used to confirm a role for this transporter in the export of Pi from root plastids. These results show the use of cpFLIPPi sensors for monitoring Pi distributions with both cellular and subcellular resolutions in live plants.…”

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confidence: 99%

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Live Imaging of Inorganic Phosphate in Plants with Cellular and Subcellular Resolution

et al. 2015

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Despite variable and often scarce supplies of inorganic phosphate (Pi) from soils, plants must distribute appropriate amounts of Pi to each cell and subcellular compartment to sustain essential metabolic activities. The ability to monitor Pi dynamics with subcellular resolution in live plants is, therefore, critical for understanding how this essential nutrient is acquired, mobilized, recycled, and stored. Fluorescence indicator protein for inorganic phosphate (FLIPPi) sensors are genetically encoded fluorescence resonance energy transfer-based sensors that have been used to monitor Pi dynamics in cultured animal cells. Here, we present a series of Pi sensors optimized for use in plants. Substitution of the enhanced yellow fluorescent protein component of a FLIPPi sensor with a circularly permuted version of Venus enhanced sensor dynamic range nearly 2.5-fold. The resulting circularly permuted FLIPPi sensor was subjected to a high-efficiency mutagenesis strategy that relied on statistical coupling analysis to identify regions of the protein likely to influence Pi affinity. A series of affinity mutants was selected with dissociation constant values of 0.08 to 11 mM, which span the range for most plant cell compartments. The sensors were expressed in Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana), and ratiometric imaging was used to monitor cytosolic Pi dynamics in root cells in response to Pi deprivation and resupply. Moreover, plastid-targeted versions of the sensors expressed in the wild type and a mutant lacking the PHOSPHATE TRANSPORT4;2 plastidic Pi transporter confirmed a physiological role for this transporter in Pi export from root plastids. These circularly permuted FLIPPi sensors, therefore, enable detailed analysis of Pi dynamics with subcellular resolution in live plants.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 69%

Section: Live Imaging Of Pi In Root Plastids Of the Wild Type And A Pmentioning

confidence: 60%

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confidence: 99%

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Live Imaging of Inorganic Phosphate in Plants with Cellular and Subcellular Resolution

et al. 2015

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“…Another PHT4 member localized to root plastids, PHT4;2, has been characterized as a Na + -dependent transporter [69]. In plants, PHT4;1 has been proposed to export Pi generated during nucleotide-dependent reactions in the thylakoid lumen to the stroma [70].…”

Section: The Photosynthetic Machinery Requires Thylakoid Channels Andmentioning

confidence: 99%

Function and evolution of channels and transporters in photosynthetic membranes

Pfeil

Schoefs

Spetea

2013

Cell. Mol. Life Sci.

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Chloroplasts from land plants and algae originated from an endosymbiotic event, most likely involving an ancestral photoautotrophic prokaryote related to cyanobacteria. Both chloroplasts and cyanobacteria have thylakoid membranes, harboring pigment-protein complexes that perform the light-dependent reactions of oxygenic photosynthesis. The composition, function and regulation of these complexes have thus far been the major topics in thylakoid membrane research. For many decades, we have also accumulated biochemical and electrophysiological evidence for the existence of solute transthylakoid transport activities that affect photosynthesis. However, research dedicated to molecular identification of the responsible proteins has only recently emerged with the explosion of genomic information. Here we review the current knowledge about channels and transporters from the thylakoid membrane of Arabidopsis thaliana and of the cyanobacterium Synechocystis sp. PCC 6803. No homologues of these proteins have been characterized in algae, although similar sequences could be recognized in many of the available sequenced genomes. Based on phylogenetic analyses, we hypothesize a host origin for most of the so far identified Arabidopsis thylakoid channels and transporters. Additionally, the shift from a non-thylakoid to a thylakoid location appears to have occurred at different times for different transport proteins. We propose that closer control of and provision for the thylakoid by products of the host genome has been an ongoing process, rather than a one-step event. Some of the proteins recruited to serve in the thylakoid may have been the result of the increased specialization of its pigment-protein composition and organization in green plants.Electronic supplementary materialThe online version of this article (doi:10.1007/s00018-013-1412-3) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.

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“…In addition to AtPHT4;1, a candidate thylakoid membrane-localized transporter, other transporters may be found in that organelle (Miyaji et al, 2015). PHT4;2 contributes to Pi transport in isolated root plastids, and starch accumulations are reduced in the roots and leaves of mutant plants (Irigoyen et al, 2011). AtPHT4;4 is a chloroplast-localized ascorbate transporter (Miyaji et al, 2015) and is induced by light exposure (Wang et al, 2011).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Comprehensive Genomic Identification and Expression Analysis of the Phosphate Transporter (PHT) Gene Family in Apple

Sun

Shao

et al. 2017

Front. Plant Sci.

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Elemental phosphorus (Pi) is essential to plant growth and development. The family of phosphate transporters (PHTs) mediates the uptake and translocation of Pi inside the plants. Members include five sub-cellular phosphate transporters that play different roles in Pi uptake and transport. We searched the Genome Database for Rosaceae and identified five clusters of phosphate transporters in apple (Malus domestica), including 37 putative genes. The MdPHT1 family contains 14 genes while MdPHT2 has two, MdPHT3 has seven, MdPHT4 has 11, and MdPHT5 has three. Our overview of this gene family focused on structure, chromosomal distribution and localization, phylogenies, and motifs. These genes displayed differential expression patterns in various tissues. For example, expression was high for MdPHT1;12, MdPHT3;6, and MdPHT3;7 in the roots, and was also increased in response to low-phosphorus conditions. In contrast, MdPHT4;1, MdPHT4;4, and MdPHT4;10 were expressed only in the leaves while transcript levels of MdPHT1;4, MdPHT1;12, and MdPHT5;3 were highest in flowers. In general, these 37 genes were regulated significantly in either roots or leaves in response to the imposition of phosphorus and/or drought stress. The results suggest that members of the PHT family function in plant adaptations to adverse growing environments. Our study will lay a foundation for better understanding the PHT family evolution and exploring genes of interest for genetic improvement in apple.

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The Sink-Specific Plastidic Phosphate Transporter PHT4;2 Influences Starch Accumulation and Leaf Size in Arabidopsis

Cited by 56 publications

References 73 publications

Live Imaging of Inorganic Phosphate in Plants with Cellular and Subcellular Resolution

Live Imaging of Inorganic Phosphate in Plants with Cellular and Subcellular Resolution

Function and evolution of channels and transporters in photosynthetic membranes

Comprehensive Genomic Identification and Expression Analysis of the Phosphate Transporter (PHT) Gene Family in Apple

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