The Simultaneous Removal of Ammonium and Manganese from Surface Water in South China by Manganese Co-Oxide Film

Abstract

Exceeding the permitted manganese (Mn2+) and ammonium (NH4+-N) levels is a frequent seasonal occurrence in a water treatment plant in south China. An iron Fe–Mn complex oxide film was found capable of removing more than 95% of Mn2+ and NH4+-N at a water temperature of 20 °C and an alkalinity level of 30 mg/L. It could remove up to 5.5 mg/L of Mn2+ and up to 3.5 mg/L of NH4+-N in a stable manner. Alkalinity is a crucial factor in the removal process. The morphology, elemental composition, and micro-structure of the oxide film were investigated using a scanning electron microscope, an energy-dispersive spectrometer, a Brunauer–Emmett–Teller specific surface-area analyzer, an X-ray diffractometer, and a Fourier-transform infrared spectrometer. The capacity of the Fe–Mn complex oxide film on the surface of the filter medium increased appreciably as its content and specific surface area increased. This research, which provides a theoretical basis for simultaneous manganese and NH4+-N removal by catalytic oxidation, demonstrates an engineering reference value.

A Review of Manganese-Oxidizing Bacteria (MnOB): Applications, Future Concerns, and Challenges

“…The Mn element has 11 valence states, ranging from −3 to +7; however, only +2, +3, and +4 are naturally present in the biosphere [5]. Dissolved Mn 2+ can be found in a variety of water bodies, including surface water (rivers and lakes) [6][7][8], groundwater [9,10], and oceans [11]. Because free or dissolved Mn 3+ is extremely unstable, it is easily transformed into Mn 2+ or Mn 4+ through disproportionation [12], or an oxyhydroxide (MnOOH) is formed.…”