The Simplified Thrombo-Inflammatory Score as a Novel Predictor of All-Cause Mortality in Patients with Heart Failure: A Retrospective Cohort Study

Abstract

Background The simplified thrombo-inflammatory score (sTIPS) has recently emerged as a novel prognostic score. Hence, we investigated the prognostic value of sTIPS for predicting long-term mortality in patients with heart failure (HF). Methods A total of 3741 patients were analyzed in this study. The sTIPS was calculated based on the white blood cell count (WBC) and the mean platelet volume to platelet count (MPV/PC) ratio at admission. The mean follow-up time was 22.75 months. Multivariable Cox regression analyses were used to investigate the associations between the sTIPS and all-cause mortality (ACM). Results In the whole study population, multivariate Cox regression analysis showed that patients in both the sTIPS 2 and sTIPS 1 groups had significantly increased risk of ACM as compared with patients in the sTIPS 0 group (hazard ratio [HR]=1.706, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.405–2.072, P<0.001 and HR = 1.431, 95% CI 1.270–1.612, P<0.001). The same significant trend was observed in heart failure with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF) patients (sTIPS1 vs sTIPS0: HR = 1.366, 95% CI 1.100–1.697, P = 0.005; sTIPS2 vs sTIPS0: HR = 1.995, 95% CI 1.460–2.725, P<0.001). However, only sTIPS 1 group had a significantly increased the risk of ACM compared to the sTIPS 0 group among patients with HFmrEF (sTIPS1 vs sTIPS0: HR = 1.648, 95% CI 1.238–2.194, P = 0.001) and HFrEF (sTIPS1 vs sTIPS0: HR = 1.322, 95% CI 1.021–1.712, P = 0.035). Conclusion sTIPS is useful in predicting risk for long-term mortality in patients with HF.