The Simian Parvoviruses

Brown,; Young, Iain M.

doi:10.1002/(sici)1099-1654(199712)7:4<211::aid-rmv204>3.0.co;2-4

Cited by 27 publications

(13 citation statements)

References 19 publications

(20 reference statements)

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“…Previous studies measured the prevalence of related simian parvoviruses (SPV-2; GenBank accession no. AAA74974) in monkeys, with approximately 50% of cynomolgus macaques and 35% of rhesus macaques showing antibodies to VP2 capsid protein (46). In immunocompetent animals, primary infection is typically clinically silent, and animals with anti-SPV-2 antibody are resistant to reinfection (46,47).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…AAA74974) in monkeys, with approximately 50% of cynomolgus macaques and 35% of rhesus macaques showing antibodies to VP2 capsid protein (46). In immunocompetent animals, primary infection is typically clinically silent, and animals with anti-SPV-2 antibody are resistant to reinfection (46,47). Another parvovirus detected here was closely related to a recently described member of the genus Protoparvovirus found in fecal samples of rhesus macaques with SIV enteropathy and in the sera of animals with advanced simian AIDS (SAIDS) (15).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Case-Control Comparison of Enteric Viromes in Captive Rhesus Macaques with Acute or Idiopathic Chronic Diarrhea

Kapusinszky

Ardeshir

Mulvaney

et al. 2017

J Virol

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Diarrhea is the major cause of non-research-associated morbidity and mortality affecting the supply of rhesus macaques and, potentially, their responses to experimental treatments. Idiopathic chronic diarrhea (ICD) in rhesus macaques also resembles ulcerative colitis, one form of human inflammatory bowel disease. To test for viral etiologies, we characterized and compared the fecal viromes from 32 healthy animals, 31 animals with acute diarrhea, and 29 animals with ICD. The overall fractions of eukaryotic viral reads were 0.063% for the healthy group, 0.131% for the acute-diarrhea group, and 0.297% for the chronic-diarrhea group. Eukaryotic viruses belonging to 6 viral families, as well as numerous circular Rep-encoding singlestranded DNA (CRESS DNA) viral genomes, were identified. The most commonly detected sequences were from picornaviruses, making up 59 to 88% of all viral reads, followed by 9 to 17% for CRESS DNA virus sequences. The remaining 5 virus families, Adenoviridae, Astroviridae, Anelloviridae, Picobirnaviridae, and Parvoviridae, collectively made up 1 to 3% of the viral reads, except for parvoviruses, which made up 23% of the viral reads in the healthy group. Detected members of the families Picornaviridae and Parvoviridae were highly diverse, consisting of multiple genera, species, and genotypes. Coinfections with members of up to six viral families were detected. Complete and partial viral genomes were assembled and used to measure the number of matching short sequence reads in feces from the 92 animals in the two clinical and the healthy control groups. Several enterovirus genotypes and CRESS DNA genomes were associated with ICD relative to healthy animals. Conversely, higher read numbers from different parvoviruses were associated with healthy animals. Our study reveals a high level of enteric coinfections with diverse viruses in a captive rhesus macaque colony and identifies several viruses positively or negatively associated with ICD.KEYWORDS enterovirus, sapelovirus, parvovirus, CRESS-DNA, idiopathic diarrhea, rhesus macaques, enteric disease etiology W e compared the enteric viromes of captive rhesus macaques (Macaca mulatta) with acute and idiopathic chronic diarrhea (ICD) to those of healthy animals using a case-control study. The genomes of several known and new viruses were characterized using metagenomics. We showed that some specific enterovirus genotypes and some small circular DNA genomes are associated with chronic idiopathic diarrhea, providing candidates for further testing of their pathogenicity. Other viruses, including some parvoviruses, were found at significantly higher levels in healthy animals.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Case-Control Comparison of Enteric Viromes in Captive Rhesus Macaques with Acute or Idiopathic Chronic Diarrhea

Kapusinszky

Ardeshir

Mulvaney

et al. 2017

J Virol

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“…B19 can infect erythroid precursors, hepatocytes, and other cells that possess globosides and glycosphingolipids in their cell membrane, but it can only replicate in the erythroid precursors and few other cells including fetal liver, isolated stem and bone marrow cells, and megakaryocytic leukemia cell lines maintained with erythropoietin [2, 3]. …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Parvovirus B19 Associated Hepatitis

Bihari

Rastogi

Saxena

et al. 2013

Hepatitis Research and Treatment

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Parvovirus B19 infection can present with myriads of clinical diseases and syndromes; liver manifestations and hepatitis are examples of them. Parvovirus B19 hepatitis associated aplastic anemia and its coinfection with other hepatotropic viruses are relatively underrecognized, and there is sufficient evidence in the literature suggesting that B19 infections can cause a spectrum of liver diseases from elevation of transaminases to acute hepatitis to fulminant liver failure and even chronic hepatitis. It can also cause fatal macrophage activation syndrome and fibrosing cholestatic hepatitis. Parvovirus B19 is an erythrovirus that can only be replicate in pronormoblasts and hepatocytes, and other cells which have globosides and glycosphingolipids in their membrane can also be affected by direct virus injury due to nonstructural protein 1 persistence and indirectly by immune mediated injury. The virus infection is suspected in bone marrow aspiration in cases with sudden drop of hemoglobin and onset of transient aplastic anemia in immunosuppressed or immunocompetent patients and is confirmed either by IgM and IgG positive serology, PCR analysis, and in situ hybridization in biopsy specimens or by application of both. There is no specific treatment for parvovirus B19 related liver diseases, but triple therapy regimen may be effective consisting of immunoglobulin, dehydrohydrocortisone, and cyclosporine.

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“…There are two theories: one is direct viral invasion and the other is an indirect immunological response, namely, virus-associated hemophagocytic syndrome (VAHS) [11]. HPVB19 can infect cells that possess globosides, which are glycosphingolipids acting as the receptor for HPVB19, such as erythroid precursors, megakaryocytes, endothelial cells, and hepatocytes [14, 15]. HPVB19 directly enters the hepatocytes through globosides and produces nonstructural protein (NS1) without the production of viral progeny [16].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Severe Aplastic Anemia following Parvovirus B19-Associated Acute Hepatitis

Furukawa

Kaji

Masuda

et al. 2017

Case Reports in Hepatology

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Human parvovirus (HPV) B19 is linked to a variety of clinical manifestations, such as erythema infectiosum, nonimmune hydrops fetalis, and transient aplastic anemia. Although a few cases have shown HPVB19 infection as a possible causative agent for hepatitis-associated aplastic anemia (HAAA) in immunocompetent patients, most reported cases of HAAA following transient hepatitis did not have delayed remission. Here we report a rare case of severe aplastic anemia following acute hepatitis with prolonged jaundice due to HPVB19 infection in a previously healthy young male. Clinical laboratory examination assessed marked liver injury and jaundice as well as peripheral pancytopenia, and bone marrow biopsy revealed severe hypoplasia and fatty replacement. HPVB19 infection was diagnosed by enzyme immunoassay with high titer of anti-HPVB19 immunoglobulin M antibodies. Immunosuppressive therapy was initiated 2 months after the onset of acute hepatitis when liver injury and jaundice were improved. Cyclosporine provided partial remission after 2 months of medication without bone marrow transplantation. Our case suggests that HPVB19 should be considered as a hepatotropic virus and a cause of acquired aplastic anemia, including HAAA.

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The Simian Parvoviruses

Cited by 27 publications

References 19 publications

Case-Control Comparison of Enteric Viromes in Captive Rhesus Macaques with Acute or Idiopathic Chronic Diarrhea

Case-Control Comparison of Enteric Viromes in Captive Rhesus Macaques with Acute or Idiopathic Chronic Diarrhea

Parvovirus B19 Associated Hepatitis

Severe Aplastic Anemia following Parvovirus B19-Associated Acute Hepatitis

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