The Silicon Vertex Detector of the Belle II experiment

Dujany, G.; Adamczyk, K.; Aggarwal, L.; Aihara, H.; Aziz, T.; Bacher, S.; Bahinipati, S.; Batignani, G.; Baudot, J.; Behera, P. K.; Bettarini, S.; Bilka, T.; Bożek, A.; Buchsteiner, F.; Casarosa, G.; Corona, L.; Czank, T.; Das, S.; Finck, C.; Forti, F.; Friedl, M.; Ganiev, E.; Gobbo, B.; Halder, S.; Hara, K.; Hazra, S.; Higuchi, T.; Irmler, C.; Ishikawa, A.; Jeon, H. B.; Jin, Y.; Joo, C.; Kaleta, M.; Kaliyar, A. B.; Kandra, J.; Kang, K. H.; Kapusta, P.; Kodyš, P.; Kohriki, T.; Kumar, Mahesh; Kumar, Rajeev; Licata, C. La; Lalwani, K.; Leboucher, R.; Lee, S. C.; Libby, J.; Martel, L.; Massaccesi, L.; Mayekar, S. N.; Mohanty, G. B.; Morii, T.; Nakamura, K. R.; Natkaniec, Z.; Onuki, Y.; Ostrowicz, W.; Paladino, A.; Paoloni, E.; Park, H.; Polat, L.; Rao, K. K.; Ripp-Baudot, I.; Rizzo, G.; Sahoo, Deepak Kumar; Schwanda, C.; Serrano, J.; Suzuki, Jun–ichi; Tanaka, S.; Tanigawa, H.; Thalmeier, R.; Tiwari, Ratnesh; Tsuboyama, T.; Uematsu, Y.; Verbycka, O.; Vitale, L.; Wan, Kun; Wang, Z.; Webb, J.; Yin, H.; Zani, L.

doi:10.1016/j.nima.2022.166688

Cited by 8 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 6 publications

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“…During operation in 2021, the hit occupancy averaged over the L3 sensors was 0.5% at maximum, well below the occupancy limit of about 5%. In the three-year operation of the SVD, from 2019 to 2021, the first effects of radiation damage have been measured, consistent with expectation, and with no degradation of the SVD performance [42].…”

Section: Svdsupporting

confidence: 83%

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Measured and projected beam backgrounds in the Belle II experiment at the SuperKEKB collider

Natochii

Browder

Cao

et al. 2023

Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research Section A:

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Section: Svdsupporting

confidence: 83%

“…The SVD is not always energized unlike the diamond sensors. Therefore, the integrated dose in the SVD is estimated from the dose measured by the diamond sensors on the beam pipe, and the measured correlation between the SVD occupancy and the diamond dose [42,43]. The estimated integrated dose in the SVD L3 was about 50 krad up to December 2021.…”

Section: Svdmentioning

confidence: 99%

Measured and projected beam backgrounds in the Belle II experiment at the SuperKEKB collider

Natochii

Browder

Cao

et al. 2023

Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research Section A:

Self Cite

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Section: Svdsupporting

confidence: 83%

“…The SVD is not always energized unlike the diamond sensors. Therefore, the integrated dose in the SVD is estimated from the dose measured by the diamond sensors on the beam pipe, and the measured correlation between the SVD occupancy and the diamond dose [41,42]. The estimated integrated dose in the SVD L3 was about 50 krad up to December 2021.…”

Section: Svdmentioning

confidence: 99%

Measured and projected beam backgrounds in the Belle II experiment at the SuperKEKB collider

Natochii¹,

Browder²,

Cao³

et al. 2023

Preprint

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The Belle II experiment at the SuperKEKB electron-positron collider aims to collect an unprecedented data set of 50 ab −1 to study CP-violation in the B-meson system and to search for Physics beyond the Standard Model. SuperKEKB is already the world's highest-luminosity collider. In order to collect the planned data set within approximately one decade, the target is to reach a peak luminosity of 6.3 × 10 35 cm −2 s −1 by further increasing the beam currents and reducing the beam size at the interaction point by squeezing the betatron function down to β * y = 0.3 mm. To ensure detector longevity and maintain good reconstruction performance, beam backgrounds must remain well controlled. We report on current background rates in Belle II and compare these against simulation. We find that a number of recent refinements have significantly improved the background simulation accuracy. Finally, we estimate the safety margins going forward. We predict that backgrounds should remain high but acceptable until a luminosity of at least 2.8 × 10 35 cm −2 s −1 is reached for β * y = 0.6 mm. At this point, the most vulnerable Belle II detectors, the Time-of-Propagation (TOP) particle identification system and the Central Drift Chamber (CDC), have predicted background hit rates from single-beam and luminosity backgrounds that add up to approximately half of the maximum acceptable rates.

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“…Since its invention by Gatti and Rehak [1], the Silicon Drift Detector (SDD) has found extensive applications in various fields, including high-energy physics [2][3][4], astrophysics [5,6], light sources for synchronizer [7,8], medical imaging [9][10][11], elemental analysis [12][13][14], and scientific research [15][16][17]. The SDD shows exceptional qualities such as higher energy resolution, excellent position resolution, a high signal-to-noise ratio, a thin dead layer, and a rapid response time, and the device can be cooled via electrical methods.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Novel Position-Sensitive Linear Winding Silicon Drift Detector

Long,

Zhao,

Xiong

et al. 2024

Micromachines

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A novel position-sensitive linear winding silicon drift detector (LWSDD) was designed and simulated. On the frontside (anode side), the collecting anodes were set on both sides of the detector, and an S-shaped linear winding cathode strip was arranged in the middle, which can realize independent voltage division and reduce the complexity of external bias resistor chain compared with the traditional linear silicon drift detector. The detectors were arranged in a butterfly shape, which increased the effective area of the detectors and improved the collection efficiency. The linear winding silicon drift detector can obtain one-dimensional position information by measuring the drift time of electrons. The 2D position information of the incident particle is obtained from the anodes coordinates of the readout signal. One-dimensional analytically exact solutions of electric potential and field were obtained for the first time for the linear winding silicon drift detector. The simulation results show that the electric potential distribution inside the detector is uniform, and the “drift channel” inside the detector points to the collecting anodes on both sides, which proves the reasonable and feasible design of the linear winding silicon drift detector.

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The Silicon Vertex Detector of the Belle II experiment

Cited by 8 publications

References 6 publications

Measured and projected beam backgrounds in the Belle II experiment at the SuperKEKB collider

Measured and projected beam backgrounds in the Belle II experiment at the SuperKEKB collider

Measured and projected beam backgrounds in the Belle II experiment at the SuperKEKB collider

A Novel Position-Sensitive Linear Winding Silicon Drift Detector

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