The silent development of counterfeit medications in developing countries – A systematic review of detection technologies

Bolla, Anmole S.; Patel, Ashwani R.; Priefer, Ronny

doi:10.1016/j.ijpharm.2020.119702

Cited by 21 publications

(13 citation statements)

References 39 publications

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“…Silva and Mattos [ 17 ] identified the critical success factors for an effective PSC and prioritized them using the analytic hierarchy process (AHP) to achieve effective drug traceability. Bottoni and Caroli [ 18 ] and Bolla et al [ 19 ] discussed the technologies used to check the chemical characteristics of drugs and detect counterfeits in the active pharmaceutical ingredients (APIs).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Critical Success Factors and Traceability Technologies for Establishing a Safe Pharmaceutical Supply Chain

Haji

Kerbache

Sheriff

et al. 2021

MPs

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Drug counterfeits have been an international issue for almost two decades, and the latest statistics show that fake medications will continue to penetrate legitimate pharmaceutical supply chains (PSCs). Therefore, identifying the issues faced by PSCs is essential to combat the counterfeit drug problem, which will require the implementation of technologies in various phases of the PSC to gain better visibility. In this regard, a literature review was conducted to fulfill the following objectives: (i) review the application of traceability technologies in various PSC phases to detect counterfeits; (ii) analyze the various barriers affecting the establishment of a safe PSC and the critical success factors used to overcome those barriers; and (iii) develop a conceptual framework and guidelines to demonstrate the influence of traceability technologies and success factors on overcoming the various barriers in different phases of the PSC. The major finding of this review was that traceability technologies and the critical success factors have a significant influence on overcoming the barriers to establishing a safe PSC.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Critical Success Factors and Traceability Technologies for Establishing a Safe Pharmaceutical Supply Chain

Haji

Kerbache

Sheriff

et al. 2021

MPs

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“…Main reasons for the prevalence of counterfeit products throughout the world are (a) high demand for less expensive drugs, (b) low availability of medical products, (c) social tolerance for counterfeit products (d) globalization and consumer access to the internet (e-commerce), (e) complex and fragile supply chains, (f) limited technical capacity to monitor products throughout the supply chain, (g) complex import-export mechanisms (h) the use of free and special economic and trade zones (i) lack of law enforcement (g) weak national regulatory policies on the manufacturing and marketing of medications, (k) lack of adequate financial and political commitments [3] , [4] , [5] , [11] , [14] , [15] , [16] , [17] , [18] , [19] . For these reasons the penetration of counterfeit products is generally higher in developing countries with West Africa and South America being reported as the areas mostly affected [11] , [20] , [21] .…”

Section: Origin and Disseminationmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…This indicates that the problem in developed countries may have been underestimated. However, high-income countries have a strict regulatory framework, technological means, and financial resources to detect and limit the distribution of fake drugs and pharmaceuticals [15] .…”

Section: Origin and Disseminationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Trends in counterfeit drugs and pharmaceuticals before and during COVID-19 pandemic

Ziavrou

Noguera

Boumba

2022

Forensic Science International

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“…Worldwide, an estimated 10% of medicines on the market are falsified [1][2][3][4][5][6][7][8]. In developing countries, the percentage of falsified and substandard drugs is higher, at about 10-30% [3,[9][10][11][12][13][14][15][16]. Particularly at risk of counterfeiting are those drugs that are expensive or promise high sales.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Blind-Watermarking—Proof-of-Concept of a Novel Approach to Ensure Batch Traceability for 3D Printed Tablets

et al. 2022

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Falsified medicines are a major issue and a threat around the world. Various approaches are currently being investigated to mitigate the threat. In this study, a concept is tested that encodes binary digits (bits) on the surface of Fused Deposition Modelling (FDM) 3D printed geometries. All that is needed is a computer, a FDM 3D printer and a paper scanner for detection. For the experiments, eleven different formulations were tested, covering the most used polymers for 3D printing in pharma: Ethylene-vinyl acetate (EVA), polyvinyl alcohol (PVA), polylactic acid (PLA), Hypromellose (HPMC), ethyl cellulose (EC), basic butylated-methacrylate-copolymer (EPO), and ammonio-methacrylate-copolymer type A (ERL). In addition, the scanning process and printing process were evaluated. It was possible to print up to 32 bits per side on oblong shaped tablets corresponding to the dimensions of market preparations of oblong tablets and capsules. Not all polymers or polymer blends were suitable for this method. Only PVA, PLA, EC, EC+HPMC, and EPO allowed the detection of bits with the scanner. EVA and ERL had too much surface roughness, too low viscosity, and cooled down too slowly preventing the detection of bits. It was observed that the addition of a colorant or active pharmaceutical ingredient (API) could facilitate the detection process. Thus, the process could be transferred for 3D printed pharmaceuticals, but further improvement is necessary to increase robustness and allow use for more materials.

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The silent development of counterfeit medications in developing countries – A systematic review of detection technologies

Cited by 21 publications

References 39 publications

Critical Success Factors and Traceability Technologies for Establishing a Safe Pharmaceutical Supply Chain

Critical Success Factors and Traceability Technologies for Establishing a Safe Pharmaceutical Supply Chain

Trends in counterfeit drugs and pharmaceuticals before and during COVID-19 pandemic

Blind-Watermarking—Proof-of-Concept of a Novel Approach to Ensure Batch Traceability for 3D Printed Tablets

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