The Significance of the Mode of Clonal Growth in the Life History of Bamboos

Makita, Akifumi

doi:10.1111/j.1442-1984.1998.tb00251.x

Cited by 56 publications

(40 citation statements)

References 20 publications

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“…Once established, the plants annually produce new ramets (culms) on their long, thin rhizomes (Makita 1998) and grow approximately 1 to 2 m tall. Because of the physiological integration between connected rhizomes, they can overcome resource deficiencies (Saitoh et al 2002).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Distribution, abundance, and effect on plant species diversity of Sasa borealis in Korean forests

2018

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Background: Sasa borealis (Hack.) Makino, a clonal dwarf bamboo, is widespread in Korean forests. Although S. borealis is native to that country, its growth habit can cause considerable harm when occupying particular areas where it dominates and influences those forested communities. However, few reports have described the extent of its inhibitory effects on the vigor of co-existing plant species. Therefore, we investigated the distribution, abundance, and diversity of other plant species in the communities where this plant occurs in the east-central forests on the Korean Peninsula. Results: S. borealis was most commonly found at an elevational range of 800 to 1,200 m, on gentle, usually lower, and near valley northern slopes. Out of the 13 forest communities based on 447 forest stands that we surveyed, S. borealis was detected in eight communities, mostly where Quercus mongolica dominates. In particular, it was more common in late-successional mixed stands of Q. mongolica, other deciduous species, and the coniferous Abies holophylla. Because of their ability to expand rapidly in the forest, this plant covered more than 50% of the surface in most of our research plots. Species diversity declined significantly (F = 78.7, p = 0.000) as the abundance of S. borealis increased in the herb stratum. The same trend was noted for the total number of species (F = 18.1, p = 0.000) and species evenness (F = 91.5, p = 0.000). Conclusions: These findings clearly demonstrate that S. borealis is a weed pest and severely hinders species diversity. Authorities should be implementing various measures for ecological control to take advantage of declining chance after the recent synchronized massive flowering of S. borealis.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Distribution, abundance, and effect on plant species diversity of Sasa borealis in Korean forests

2018

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“…Phyllostachys species belong to a group of bamboo characterized by horizontal leptomorph rhizomes that spread rapidly underground, earning them the moniker ‘running’ bamboos. Phyllostachys species are generally less fibrous than their ‘clumping’ bamboos counterparts with pachymorph rhizomes such as the tropical Bambusa group (Liese, ; Makita, ; Halvorson et al., ). In general, Phyllostachys ( P .)…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Nutrient and mineral composition during shoot growth in seven species ofPhyllostachysandPseudosasabamboo consumed by giant panda

Christian

Knott

Vance

et al. 2015

Animal Physiology Nutrition

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During the annual period of bamboo shoot growth in spring, free-ranging giant pandas feed almost exclusively on the shoots while ignoring the leaves and full- height culm. Little is known about the nutritional changes that occur during bamboo shoot growth, if nutritional changes differ among species, or how these changes might influence forage selection. Our objective was to examine the nutrient and mineral composition during three phases of shoot growth (<60, 90-150 and >180 cm) for seven species of bamboo (Phyllostachys (P.) aurea, P. aureosulcata, P. bissetii, P. glauca, P. nuda, P. rubromarginata, Pseudosasa japonica) fed to captive giant pandas at the Memphis Zoo. Total dietary fiber content of bamboo shoots increased (p < 0.0001) from an overall species average of 61% dry matter (DM) at < 60 cm to 75% DM at shoot heights > 180 cm, while crude protein, fat and ash exhibited significant declines (p < 0.05). Phyllostachys nuda had the overall greatest (p = 0.007) crude protein (21% DM) and fat (4% DM) content, and lowest overall total fibre (61% DM) content compared to the other species examined. In contrast, Pseudosasa japonica had the overall lowest crude protein and fat, and relatively higher fibre content (9%, 3% and 74% respectively). Concentrations of Zn and Fe were highest in shoots <60 cm (10-50 μg/g DM) and decreased (p < 0.05) during growth in all species examined. Concentrations of Ca, Cu, Mn, Na and K varied among species and were largely unaffected by growth stage. Due to their higher concentrations of nutrients and lower fibre content in comparison to culm and leaf, bamboo shoots should be a major component of captive giant panda diets when available.

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“…2d). The types of bamboo rhizome have been considered to determine genetic structure of bamboo communities; bamboo species with pachymorph rhizomes tend to form tussocks of culms of an identical genotype, while ones with leptomorph rhizomes tend to form loose or no aggregation of culms (Makita 1998). Our study is the first to show: (i) the presence of different genets in a stand (Fig.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Clonal structure and flowering traits of a bamboo [Phyllostachys pubescens (Mazel) Ohwi] stand grown from a simultaneous flowering as revealed by AFLP analysis

et al. 2004

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Although many bamboo species are characterized by simultaneous flowering at long intervals of up to 120 years, few studies have revealed the length of the flowering interval for very-long-lived bamboo species by observing the whole life cycle of a single clone. The flowering interval of Phyllostachys pubescens had been determined to be 67 years by means of observation through the entire life cycle from 1912 to 1979. We observed and analysed the clonal structure and flowering traits of a P. pubescens community which had regenerated from seed in 1930 and began to flower in 1997. Although this interval was again 67 years, flowering and nonflowering culms were mixed, and the flowering event lasted three years in the community. AFLP analysis of DNA samples showed distinct genets that originated from the previous flowering event and that each genet had its own flowering time. This is the first report to show that (i) different genets are mixed in a community of a large bamboo species with a leptomorphic rhizome system, and (ii) a community that originated from a single flowering event can have a range of flowering years.

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The Significance of the Mode of Clonal Growth in the Life History of Bamboos

Cited by 56 publications

References 20 publications

Distribution, abundance, and effect on plant species diversity of Sasa borealis in Korean forests

Distribution, abundance, and effect on plant species diversity of Sasa borealis in Korean forests

Nutrient and mineral composition during shoot growth in seven species ofPhyllostachysandPseudosasabamboo consumed by giant panda

Clonal structure and flowering traits of a bamboo [Phyllostachys pubescens (Mazel) Ohwi] stand grown from a simultaneous flowering as revealed by AFLP analysis

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