The Significance of the Discordant Occurrence of Lens Tumors in Humans versus Other Species

Albert, Daniel M.; Phelps, Paul O.; Surapaneni, Krishna; Thuro, Bradley A.; Potter, Heather D.; Ikeda, Akihiro; Teixeira, Leandro; Dubielzig, Richard R.

doi:10.1016/j.ophtha.2015.05.028

Cited by 7 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 19 publications

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“…Under such conditions it might be expected that lens neoplasms would be quite common but, in humans at least, this is not the case. To the best of our knowledge, there are no reported cases of human lens cancer in the ophthalmological literature (Albert et al, 2015). Transgenic expression of SV40 large T antigen in mouse lens cells leads to cellular transformation and production of both differentiated and undifferentiated lens tumors (Mahon et al, 1987; Nakamura et al, 1989).…”

Section: Anatomy Of the Growth Processmentioning

confidence: 99%

The lens growth process

Bassnett

Šikić

2017

Progress in Retinal and Eye Research

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The factors that regulate the size of organs to ensure that they fit within an organism are not well understood. A simple organ, the ocular lens serves as a useful model with which to tackle this problem. In many systems, considerable variance in the organ growth process is tolerable. This is almost certainly not the case in the lens, which in addition to fitting comfortably within the eyeball, must also be of the correct size and shape to focus light sharply onto the retina. Furthermore, the lens does not perform its optical function in isolation. Its growth, which continues throughout life, must therefore be coordinated with that of other tissues in the optical train. Here, we review the lens growth process in detail, from pioneering clinical investigations in the late nineteenth century to insights gleaned more recently in the course of cell and molecular studies. During embryonic development, the lens forms from an invagination of surface ectoderm. Consequently, the progenitor cell population is located at the surface and differentiated cells are confined to the interior. The interactions that regulate cell fate thus occur within the obligate ellipsoidal geometry of the lens. In this context, mathematical models are particularly appropriate tools with which to examine the growth process. In addition to identifying key growth determinants, such models constitute a framework for integrating cell biological and optical data, helping clarify the relationship between gene expression in the lens and image quality at the retinal plane.

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Section: Anatomy Of the Growth Processmentioning

confidence: 99%

The lens growth process

Bassnett

Šikić

2017

Progress in Retinal and Eye Research

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“…Tumors in the lens are rare in animals and have not reported in humans [56–58]. Lens malignancies in animals are correlated with injury [58, 59]. While only one out of nine feline tumors was immunoreactive for the lens protein crystallin alpha A, all were stained with an antibody to vimentin, and some were also positive for muscle specific actin and desmin [60].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Rhabdomyosarcoma and Wilms tumors contain a subpopulation of noggin producing, myogenic cells immunoreactive for lens beaded filament proteins

et al. 2019

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Myo/Nog cells are identified by their expression of the skeletal muscle specific transcription factor MyoD and the bone morphogenetic protein inhibitor noggin, and binding of the G8 monoclonal antibody. Their release of noggin is critical for morphogenesis and skeletal myogenesis. In the adult, Myo/Nog cells are present in normal tissues, wounds and skin tumors. Myo/Nog cells in the lens give rise to myofibroblasts that synthesize skeletal muscle proteins. The purpose of this study was to screen human lens tissue, rhabdomyosarcoma cell lines, and tissue sections from rhabdomyosarcoma, Wilms and tumors lacking features of skeletal muscle for co-localization of antibodies to Myo/Nog cell markers and the lens beaded filament proteins filensin and CP49. Immunofluorescence localization experiments revealed that Myo/Nog cells of the lens bind antibodies to beaded filament proteins. Co-localization of antibodies to G8, noggin, filensin and CP49 was observed in most RC13 and a subpopulation of RD human rhabdomyosarcoma cell lines. Western blotting with beaded filament antibodies revealed bands of similar molecular weights in RC13 and murine lens cells. Human alveolar, embryonal, pleomorphic and spindle cell rhabdomyosarcomas and Wilms tumors contained a subpopulation of cells immunoreactive for G8, noggin, MyoD and beaded filaments. G8 was also co-localized with filensin mRNA. Staining for beaded filament proteins was not detected in G8 positive cells in leiomyosarcomas, squamous and basal cell carcinomas, syringocarciomas and malignant melanomas. Lens beaded filament proteins were thought to be present only in the lens. Myo/Nog-like cells immunoreactive for beaded filaments may be diagnostic of tumors related to the skeletal muscle lineage.

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“…Tumors concerning the lens (intralenticular) have been clinically described, however, the human crystalline cells are atypical since, according to Albert DM. et al's [1] study of 18,000 patients and 45,000 ocular veterinary cases, no tumors with lens origin could be found in humans which is in stark contrast to other mammals such as domestic cats [2]. Veromman [3] concluded that although no evidence of malignant tumoral growth was found in human crystalline cells, abnormal and benign growths of lens cells can present with cell atypia [3] and associate with cataract formation.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 98%

Traumatic Intralenticular Neovascularization in a HLA B27+ Pediatric Patient

et al. 2021

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(1) Background: Intralenticular tumors are an entity akin to Schrodinger’s cat since, although the human crystalline cells themselves are not known to malignly proliferate, various entities can take the appearance and clinical presentation of a tumor originating in the lens. We present the peculiar case of an 11-year-old male patient of African descent, HLA B27+, with a previous history of minor ocular trauma and unilateral anterior uveitis a year before which was admitted to our department with total opacification of the crystalline lens in the right eye and lens neovascularization. During surgery, a vascular, white fibrotic mass measuring 0.1–0.2 cm was discovered inside the lens bag and was excised. (2) Methods: Retrospective case review. (3) Results: The histopathological exam of the excised mass revealed an abundant infiltrate consisting of CD68+ foamy macrophages and lymphoplasmacytic elements. CD68 is a pan-macrophage marker associated with an active inflammatory mechanism soliciting macrophages, and tissue activated macrophages are correlated to increased stromal and serum levels of vascular endothelial growth factor, providing an explanation for lens angiogenesis. (4) Conclusions: The diagnosis is of a “masquerade tumor” resulted from an abnormal inflammatory process in connection with previous ocular trauma and possibly the patient’s HLA B27+ status.

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The Significance of the Discordant Occurrence of Lens Tumors in Humans versus Other Species

Cited by 7 publications

References 19 publications

The lens growth process

The lens growth process

Rhabdomyosarcoma and Wilms tumors contain a subpopulation of noggin producing, myogenic cells immunoreactive for lens beaded filament proteins

Traumatic Intralenticular Neovascularization in a HLA B27+ Pediatric Patient

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