The significance of geological traits for the speciation of endemic angiosperms on El Hierro (Canary Islands)

Gaisberg, Markus Von; Stierstorfer, Christian

doi:10.1127/0340-269x/2005/0035-0039

Cited by 7 publications

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“…Most SIEs on these islands belong to genera that provide excellent examples of adaptive (ecological) and/or allopatric (geographical) speciation in the Canary Islands (Gaisberg & Stierstorfer, ; Reyes‐Betancort et al ., ), representing lineages that have undergone speciation within the archipelago through cladogenesis, thus forming archipelagic neo‐endemics (including SIEs and MIEs). Estimated divergence times of these neo‐endemics vary depending on the position in the phylogenetic tree of each lineage (García‐Maroto et al ., ; Puppo et al ., ).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Brochmann et al ., ). Our findings support the importance of including geological dynamics in explanatory models of speciation processes within oceanic islands (Carson et al ., ; Gaisberg & Stierstorfer, ; Stuessy, ; Reyes‐Betancort et al ., ). Further support for this idea comes not only from recent phylogenetic studies on plant lineages on the Canary islands included in this analysis (García‐Maroto et al ., ; Ojeda et al ., ), but also from recent faunistic studies that show the imprint of geological history on within‐island diversification (within genera and within species) on the Canary Islands (Juan et al ., ; Emerson, ; Macías‐Hernández et al ., ) and on other oceanic archipelagos (Vandergast et al ., ).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…For EH, plant presence/absence data were sourced from two detailed, systematic field surveys carried out between 1997 and 2003, following the 1 × 1 km² UTM grid (Gaisberg, ; Gaisberg & Stierstorfer, ; Stierstorfer, ; for nomenclature and floristic status see: Stierstorfer & Gaisberg, ). We distinguished three chorological groups: (1) single island endemics (SIE), (2) multiple island endemics (MIE, i.e.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Transferring and implementing the general dynamic model of oceanic island biogeography at the scale of island fragments: the roles of geological age and topography in plant diversification in the Canaries

Otto

Whittaker

Gaisberg³

et al. 2016

Journal of Biogeography

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Aim The general dynamic model (GDM) of oceanic island biogeography integrates rates of immigration, speciation and extinction in relation to a humped trajectory of island area, species carrying capacity and topographic complexity through time, based on a simplified island ontogeny. In practice, many islands have more complex ontogenies, featuring surfaces of varying age. Here, we extend the GDM to apply at a local scale within islands, and test the predictions analytically within individual islands. Location El Hierro, La Palma and Tenerife (Canary Islands).Methods Following the GDM logic, we derive predictions for the distributions and richness of single island endemics (SIEs) across island landscapes of different age. We test these predictions by means of generalized linear models and binominal tests using gridded species occurrence data for vascular plant SIE species and a set of climatic, topographic and terrain age variables. We also examined phylogenetic divergence times for a subset of endemic lineages.Results Geological age, in interaction with slope, and topographic variables, best explained SIE richness at the landscape scale. About 70% of SIEs had ranges strongly biased to, or largely restricted to old terrain. Available phylogenetic divergence times of SIEs of radiated plant lineages suggested an origin on the older parts of the islands. Metrics of anthropogenic disturbance and habitat availability were unrelated to the observed SIE pattern.Main conclusions Our findings support the hypothesis that SIEs have evolved and accumulated on older and topographically complex terrain, while colonization processes predominate on the youngest parts. These results imply that evolutionary processes shape species distributions at the landscape scale within islands. This opens the perspective of extending the GDM framework to understand processes at a local scale within individual islands.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Transferring and implementing the general dynamic model of oceanic island biogeography at the scale of island fragments: the roles of geological age and topography in plant diversification in the Canaries

Otto

Whittaker

Gaisberg³

et al. 2016

Journal of Biogeography

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“…Barrancos appear to be rich in endemic species not only on La Palma but also on other islands in the Canaries, where the highest densities of endemics occur on steep slopes (Otto et al 2016). On El Hierro, for example, endemics are primarily found on the rocky, steep sites made up of old bedrock (Von Gaisberg and Stierstorfer 2005). Considering the fact that the accessible area of the barrancos is very limited due to the extremely steep slopes and the rugged scarps forming waterfalls in times of run-off, the recorded number of species and endemics in these isolated barrancos is remarkable.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The effect of small-scale topography on patterns of endemism within islands

Cutts¹,

Katal²,

Löwer³

et al. 2019

Frontiers of Biogeography

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• Small-scale variation in topography may favour endemism if it causes species to be persistently isolated • La Palma (Canary Islands) has many deep, steep-sided barrancos, containing unique habitat with many endemic plant species • The proportion of endemic plants on barranco floors decreases with elevation, while the co-linear increase with barranco depth is not significant • Local topography may complicate broader-scale relationships between endemism and elevation, and this requires further research

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“…The sheltered situation and special topography within the large landscape depression might have provided suitable conditions for species evolution from ancestral colonizers and for population persistence. von Gaisberg and Stierstorfer () stated plant speciation centers in steep and rocky regions on El Hierro, the even younger neighboring island of La Palma, suggesting strong disturbance regimes (e.g., erosion, debris fall), low competition, and high habitat diversity as reasons for increased evolutionary processes in such habitats.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Spatial and ecological population genetic structures within two island‐endemic Aeonium species of different niche width

Harter

Thiv

Weig

et al. 2015

Ecology and Evolution

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The Crassulacean genus Aeonium is a well‐known example for plant species radiation on oceanic archipelagos. However, while allopatric speciation among islands is documented for this genus, the role of intra‐island speciation due to population divergence by topographical isolation or ecological heterogeneity has not yet been addressed. The aim of this study was to investigate intraspecific genetic structures and to identify spatial and ecological drivers of genetic population differentiation on the island scale. We analyzed inter simple sequence repeat variation within two island‐endemic Aeonium species of La Palma: one widespread generalist that covers a large variety of different habitat types (Ae. davidbramwellii) and one narrow ecological specialist (Ae. nobile), in order to assess evolutionary potentials on this island. Gene pool differentiation and genetic diversity patterns were associated with major landscape structures in both species, with phylogeographic implications. However, overall levels of genetic differentiation were low. For the generalist species, outlier loci detection and loci–environment correlation approaches indicated moderate signatures of divergent selection pressures linked to temperature and precipitation variables, while the specialist species missed such patterns. Our data point to incipient differentiation among populations, emphasizing that ecological heterogeneity and topographical structuring within the small scales of an island can foster evolutionary processes. Very likely, such processes have contributed to the radiation of Aeonium on the Canary Islands. There is also support for different evolutionary mechanisms between generalist and specialist species.

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The significance of geological traits for the speciation of endemic angiosperms on El Hierro (Canary Islands)

Cited by 7 publications

References 0 publications

Transferring and implementing the general dynamic model of oceanic island biogeography at the scale of island fragments: the roles of geological age and topography in plant diversification in the Canaries

Transferring and implementing the general dynamic model of oceanic island biogeography at the scale of island fragments: the roles of geological age and topography in plant diversification in the Canaries

The effect of small-scale topography on patterns of endemism within islands

Spatial and ecological population genetic structures within two island‐endemic Aeonium species of different niche width

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