The significance of cognitive representations of symptoms of acute coronary syndrome and coping responses to the symptoms in predicting prehospital delay in Omani patients

Al‐Hassan, Mousa A.

doi:10.1177/1744987112464874

Cited by 4 publications

(1 citation statement)

References 28 publications

(44 reference statements)

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“…Since Saudi women spend a lot of time in the home with other females, if women were allowed to drive cars (which is not against the rules of Islam), this could potentially expedite their relatives’ or friends’ arrival at the hospital and thus could help to save STEMI patients’ lives. Recently, Al-Hassan (2012) argued that aspects of Islamic culture were a major factor of pre-hospital delay among Omani acute coronary syndrome (ACS) patients 49 and our findings clearly corroborate this assertion.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 87%

Female gender doubles pre-hospital delay times for patients experiencing ST segment elevation myocardial infarction in Saudi Arabia

Alshahrani

McConkey

Wilson³

et al. 2013

European Journal of Cardiovascular Nursing

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Introduction: Pre-hospital delay has a significant impact on patients' mortality and morbidity in ST segment elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI). Internationally many factors including female gender have been implicated, but no research has been conducted in Arab cultures. We aimed to explore the factors contributing to pre-hospital delay among female STEMI patients in Saudi Arabia. Method: This sequential, explanatory mixed methods study comprised a consecutive sample of 311 patients, presenting with STEMI to three hospitals in Riyadh, from March 2011-August 2011. Of these, 189 patients (36 females) were eligible and interviewed using the Response to Symptoms Questionnaire. A purposive sample of 18 patients (9 females) then participated in qualitative interviews that were taped and transcribed prior to thematic analysis. Findings: The median pre-hospital delay for males was 5 h and 12.9 h for females (p<0.002). Standard multiple regression determined female gender as the strongest predictor of transfer delay-from decision to seek help to hospital arrival. Qualitative analysis produced five gender-related themes: (a) women require a male relative's permission to seek medical help; (b) women cannot travel to hospital unless accompanied by a male relative; (c) women prioritise family responsibilities over seeking help; (d) women lack knowledge of myocardial infarction (MI) symptoms and treatment; and (e) perception that women should not attract attention. Conclusion: This study provides new insight into how cultural factors increase pre-hospital delay for women within Saudi Arabia. While the quantitative data demonstrates that women experience much longer delays, the qualitative interviews confirm that cultural factors are implicated. Further research is urgently required.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 87%

Female gender doubles pre-hospital delay times for patients experiencing ST segment elevation myocardial infarction in Saudi Arabia

Alshahrani

McConkey

Wilson³

et al. 2013

European Journal of Cardiovascular Nursing

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Psychological and cognitive factors related to prehospital delay in acute coronary syndrome: A systematic review

Arrebola‐Moreno

Petrova

García‐Retamero

et al. 2020

International Journal of Nursing Studies

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Cognitive representations of symptoms of acute coronary syndrome and coping responses to the symptoms as correlates to pre-hospital delay in Omani women and men patients

Al‐Hassan

2014

Journal of Research in Nursing

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The major purpose of this study was to describe gender-related cognitive representations of symptoms of acute coronary syndrome and coping responses to the symptoms as correlates to pre-hospital delay. Data were collected from 131 hospitalised Omani patients for acute coronary syndrome (81 men and 50 women) using a structured interview. Statistical analyses indicated that women perceived themselves as less susceptible to acute coronary syndrome than men. They reported the symptoms, shortness of breath and nausea/vomiting, more frequently than did men. Men who reported shorter pre-hospital delay were more likely to be free from diabetes, report neck pain, not experience left arm pain, attribute the symptoms to cardiac origin and not use the coping responses, ‘wait and see’ and ‘attempted to relax’. Whereas, women with shorter pre-hospital delay were more likely to experience sweating, perceive greater overall intensity of the symptoms and not report fear of diagnostic procedures as a barrier to seek healthcare early. The findings of this study suggest that, in women, the emotional aspect of the symptoms dominates the cognitive appraisal process, whereas the pathological aspect of the symptoms dominates the appraisal process in men.

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The significance of cognitive representations of symptoms of acute coronary syndrome and coping responses to the symptoms in predicting prehospital delay in Omani patients

Cited by 4 publications

References 28 publications

Female gender doubles pre-hospital delay times for patients experiencing ST segment elevation myocardial infarction in Saudi Arabia

Female gender doubles pre-hospital delay times for patients experiencing ST segment elevation myocardial infarction in Saudi Arabia

Psychological and cognitive factors related to prehospital delay in acute coronary syndrome: A systematic review

Cognitive representations of symptoms of acute coronary syndrome and coping responses to the symptoms as correlates to pre-hospital delay in Omani women and men patients

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