The significance of advanced COVID-19 diagnostic testing in pandemic control measures

Kwok, Hang Fai

doi:10.7150/ijbs.72837

Cited by 8 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 57 publications

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“…In addition, diagnostic tests required processing in laboratories with sophisticated materials, leading to a longer turnaround time and several days needed for results to be available. Some of these obstacles were eventually overcome by newly designed assays that had analytical precision that is more precisely specified than prior assays [148,149].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis Comparing the Diagnostic Accuracy Tests of COVID-19

et al. 2023

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In this paper, we present a systematic review and meta-analysis that aims to evaluate the reliability of coronavirus disease diagnostic tests in 2019 (COVID-19). This article seeks to describe the scientific discoveries made because of diagnostic tests conducted in recent years during the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) pandemic. Between 2020 and 2021, searches for published papers on the COVID-19 diagnostic were made in the PubMed database. Ninety-nine scientific articles that satisfied the requirements were analyzed and included in the meta-analysis, and the specificity and sensitivity of the diagnostic accuracy were assessed. When compared to serological tests such as the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), chemiluminescence immunoassay (CLIA), lateral flow immunoassay (LFIA), and chemiluminescent microparticle immunoassay (CMIA), molecular tests such as reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR), reverse transcription loop-mediated isothermal amplification (RT-LAMP), and clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats (CRISPR) performed better in terms of sensitivity and specificity. Additionally, the area under the curve restricted to the false-positive rates (AUCFPR) of 0.984 obtained by the antiviral neutralization bioassay (ANB) diagnostic test revealed significant potential for the identification of COVID-19. It has been established that the various diagnostic tests have been effectively adapted for the detection of SARS-CoV-2; nevertheless, their performance still must be enhanced to contain potential COVID-19 outbreaks, which will also help contain potential infectious agent outbreaks in the future.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis Comparing the Diagnostic Accuracy Tests of COVID-19

et al. 2023

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“…Developing sensitive and specific diagnostic tests is crucial for identifying infected persons to isolate and intervene in the transmission spread [ 9 , 10 ]. Molecular diagnosis using real-time reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (real-time RT-PCR) has been widely used for COVID-19 diagnosis and is mainly based on the detection of the partial nucleocapsid (N) protein region.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Rapid Detection of SARS-CoV-2 RNA Using Reverse Transcription Recombinase Polymerase Amplification (RT-RPA) with Lateral Flow for N-Protein Gene and Variant-Specific Deletion–Insertion Mutation in S-Protein Gene

Malaga

Pajuelo

Okamoto

et al. 2023

Viruses

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Rapid molecular testing for severe acute respiratory coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) variants may contribute to the development of public health measures, particularly in resource-limited areas. Reverse transcription recombinase polymerase amplification using a lateral flow assay (RT-RPA-LF) allows rapid RNA detection without thermal cyclers. In this study, we developed two assays to detect SARS-CoV-2 nucleocapsid (N) gene and Omicron BA.1 spike (S) gene-specific deletion–insertion mutations (del211/ins214). Both tests had a detection limit of 10 copies/µL in vitro and the detection time was approximately 35 min from incubation to detection. The sensitivities of SARS-CoV-2 (N) RT-RPA-LF by viral load categories were 100% for clinical samples with high (>9015.7 copies/µL, cycle quantification (Cq): < 25) and moderate (385.5–9015.7 copies/µL, Cq: 25–29.9) viral load, 83.3% for low (16.5–385.5 copies/µL, Cq: 30–34.9), and 14.3% for very low (<16.5 copies/µL, Cq: 35–40). The sensitivities of the Omicron BA.1 (S) RT-RPA-LF were 94.9%, 78%, 23.8%, and 0%, respectively, and the specificity against non-BA.1 SARS-CoV-2-positive samples was 96%. The assays seemed more sensitive than rapid antigen detection in moderate viral load samples. Although implementation in resource-limited settings requires additional improvements, deletion–insertion mutations were successfully detected by the RT-RPA-LF technique.

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“…Among the many ways in which COVID-19 has impacted humanity, the most profound one may actually prove beneficial-a period of prodigious scientific discovery aimed at advancing global health [1][2][3][4][5][6][7][8][9][10][11][12][13]. Adding to the disciplines influenced by pandemicrelated research, this hypothesis explores intriguing evidence of microbe-virus interplay, combining verified epidemiological and biochemical reports with new preliminary analyses to argue for the role of microbial proteases in rationalizing coronavirus epidemiology trends, to illuminate potential opportunities for novel therapeutic strategies.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…As the first pandemic of the information age and post-genomic era, COVID-19 brought tremendous investigative resources bearing on virology, immunology, and epidemiology, producing a stunning array of new insight that should help to spark new research for years to come. The greatest short-term technological impact of the COVID-19 response was likely the remarkable success of anti-SARS-CoV-2 vaccine programs, but other critical advances in viral testing and surveillance were also achieved with rapid effectiveness [1][2][3][4]. The protocols by which each of these high-impact COVID-19-specific technologies was attained were sophisticated and timely and offer excellent roadmaps for tackling future epidemics, thus bettering the future of world health.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Bacterial Proteases as Potentially Exploitable Modulators of SARS-CoV-2 Infection: Logic from the Literature, Informatics, and Inspiration from the Dog

Lushington,

Linde,

Melgarejo

2023

BioTech

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(1) Background: The COVID-19 pandemic left many intriguing mysteries. Retrospective vulnerability trends tie as strongly to odd demographics as to exposure profiles, genetics, health, or prior medical history. This article documents the importance of nasal microbiome profiles in distinguishing infection rate trends among differentially affected subgroups. (2) Hypothesis: From a detailed literature survey, microbiome profiling experiments, bioinformatics, and molecular simulations, we propose that specific commensal bacterial species in the Pseudomonadales genus confer protection against SARS-CoV-2 infections by expressing proteases that may interfere with the proteolytic priming of the Spike protein. (3) Evidence: Various reports have found elevated Moraxella fractions in the nasal microbiomes of subpopulations with higher resistance to COVID-19 (e.g., adolescents, COVID-19-resistant children, people with strong dietary diversity, and omnivorous canines) and less abundant ones in vulnerable subsets (the elderly, people with narrower diets, carnivorous cats and foxes), along with bioinformatic evidence that Moraxella bacteria express proteases with notable homology to human TMPRSS2. Simulations suggest that these proteases may proteolyze the SARS-CoV-2 spike protein in a manner that interferes with TMPRSS2 priming.

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The significance of advanced COVID-19 diagnostic testing in pandemic control measures

Cited by 8 publications

References 57 publications

A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis Comparing the Diagnostic Accuracy Tests of COVID-19

A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis Comparing the Diagnostic Accuracy Tests of COVID-19

Rapid Detection of SARS-CoV-2 RNA Using Reverse Transcription Recombinase Polymerase Amplification (RT-RPA) with Lateral Flow for N-Protein Gene and Variant-Specific Deletion–Insertion Mutation in S-Protein Gene

Bacterial Proteases as Potentially Exploitable Modulators of SARS-CoV-2 Infection: Logic from the Literature, Informatics, and Inspiration from the Dog

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