THE SIGNIFICANCE AND CONTROL OF <i>POA TRIVIALIS</i> IN RYEGRASS PASTURES

Haggar, R. J.

doi:10.1111/j.1365-2494.1971.tb00652.x

Cited by 19 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 17 publications

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“…Susceptibility to winter frost has been recorded by Munro (1979). Allen (1966) gave a comprehensive review of rough meadow-grass while its significance in ryegrass pastures has been discussed by Haggar (1971). The latter commented that its DM production was usually lower than that of perennial ryegrass, particularly under sub-optimal growing conditions such as moisture stress; he also concluded that the presence of invasive rough meadow-grass could be considered undesirable in the most intensively managed ryegrass pastures.…”

Section: Rough Meadow-grassmentioning

confidence: 99%

Herbage production and quality of a range of secondary grass species at five rates of fertilizer nitrogen application

Frame

1991

Grass and Forage Science

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The productivity of ten grasses was measured under six cuts per annum for 3 years and three cuts for a fourth harvest year in comparison with a perennial ryegrass (Lolium perenne) control. The grasses were Yorkshire fog (Holcus lanatus), two red fescues (Festuca rubra), creeping bent (Agrostis stolonifera), bent (Agrostis castellana), bent (Agrostis capillaris), smooth meadow‐grass (Poa pratensis), crested dogstail (Cynosurus cristatus), sweet vernal (Anthoxanthum odoratum) and timothy (Phleum bertolonii). Another grass sown, rough meadow‐grass (Poa trivialis), did not persist after the first harvest year. Annual N rates were 0, 120, 240, 360 and 480 kg ha−1. Classified by DM production, the grasses grouped into: high (perennial ryegrass, Yorkshire fog and red fescue), intermediate (creeping bent, bent (A. castellana), crested dogstail and smooth meadow‐grass) and low (bent (A. capillaris), sweet vernal and timothy. With frequent cutting, production ranking interacted with N rate: Yorkshire fog. red fescue and creeping bent were more productive than ryegrass at the 0 N and 120 N rates but not at higher N rates; crested dogstail and sweet vernal outperformed ryegrass at 0 N; ryegrass and smooth meadow‐grass performed relatively better at moderate to high N. DM production of ryegrass was matched or exceeded by some of the other grasses during different parts of the season particularly at low N rates. Notable features from the 3‐cut regime were the outstanding DM production of Yorkshire fog at all N rates and the poor production of bent (A. capillaris) and crested dogstail. High DM response to applied N in both cutting regimes was given by perennial ryegrass. smooth meadow‐grass, red fescue cv. Boreal, timothy, crested dogstail and Yorkshire fog. N concentrations were highest in less productive grasses such as the bents and lowest in highly productive ryegrass and Yorkshire fog. Ryegrass was superior in digestibility to the other grasses, but especially to the red fescues, bents and smooth meadow‐grass. The other grasses, especially Yorkshire fog and bent (A. capillaris) were superior to ryegrass in P, K and Mg concentrations, but not Ca. It is concluded that the annual and/or seasonal production of some of the secondary grasses at low to moderate N rates, e.g. the performance of Yorkshire fog and red fescue, warrant a reconsideration of their poor reputation, particularly within the context of increasing grassland extensification. Breeding to improve selected characteristics, such as digestibility in red fescue, seems justified. Assessment of the grazing and ensiling qualities of secondary grasses require further study.

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Section: Rough Meadow-grassmentioning

confidence: 99%

Herbage production and quality of a range of secondary grass species at five rates of fertilizer nitrogen application

Frame

1991

Grass and Forage Science

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“…Despite significant differences among post‐herbicide treatments in relation to non‐target plant richness and diversity and target plant presence, no significant differences in production levels were observed. It is widely accepted that ryegrass‐dominated pastures are more productive, in terms of DM production, than their weed‐infested counterparts (Haggar, ), and weed control is often initiated if weeds constitute at least 20–30% of the sward (levels thought to impact on sward productivity and quality) (Oswald & Haggar, ). However, our results indicate that 20–30% weed infestation does not significantly alter production in permanent grasslands.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The impacts of traditional and novel herbicide application methods on target plants, non‐target plants and production in intensive grasslands

Power

Kelly

2013

Weed Research

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SummaryHerbicides contribute significantly to agricultural intensification, but some negatively impact non-target organisms. Much research has focused on reducing herbicide use through technological improvements in application and herbicide selectivity, but impacts on non-target organisms are less well understood. Using experimental plots in silage systems, we investigated impacts of herbicides (both narrow spectrum targeting broad-leaved plants and selective and non-selective broad spectrum) applied using traditional techniques (blanket-and manual spot-spraying) and a novel application technique (automated spot-spraying) on non-target plant richness/diversity, target weed presence (Rumex species) and production (DM yield). All herbicides reduced non-target plant richness/diversity and sometimes target weeds (when applied using traditional methods). Automated spot-spraying had fewer negative effects on non-target organisms, but did not reduce target weeds. No differences in production levels among treatments were observed. The automated spot-spraying technique requires further research and development. Our results indicate that 20-30% weed cover does not significantly alter production and so, as herbicides are expensive, their effects on non-target organisms and the environment can be more significant than their benefits to production. We advocate more research into the relationships between weed infestation and production in grasslands, so that the propensity to overuse herbicides is reduced.

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“…It would therefore appear that weed grasses such as Poa spp. can be considered undesirable in most intensively managed sward pastures (Haggar, 1971).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The production and persistency of different grass species cut at different heights

Jones¹

1983

Grass and Forage Science

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The effect of two heights of cutting (5 and 8 cm) on the dry matter harvested and persistency of a range of different grass species and varieties were monitored over a 3-year period (1976 to 1978). Dry matter harvested was measured in the second and third harvest year and persistence of sown grass was assessed at the end of the first and third harvest year. The grasses were managed under a frequent cutting system, i.e. simulated grazing. Results showed that at the low cutting height tetraploid hybrid ryegrasses and diploid Italian ryegrasses in the third harvest year gave lower annual dry matter harvests of sown grass and were less persistent than at the high cutting height, whilst, in contrast, perennial ryegrasses gave higher annual harvests of sown grass but persistency was unaffected. In general at the low cutting height varieties of cocksfoot, meadow fescue and tali fescue gave comparatively higher annual harvests of sown grass in the second harvest year but lower yields of sown grass in the third harvest year. A notable exception was Cambria cocksfoot which in the second harvest year gave higher yields of sown grass and was more persistent at the low cutting height.However, at 5 cm cutting height, the proportions of weed grasses (mainly Poa spp.) in swards sown to tetraploid hybrid ryegrasses and diploid Italian ryegrasses were generally greater, particularly in mid-season.

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THE SIGNIFICANCE AND CONTROL OF POA TRIVIALIS IN RYEGRASS PASTURES

Cited by 19 publications

References 17 publications

Herbage production and quality of a range of secondary grass species at five rates of fertilizer nitrogen application

Herbage production and quality of a range of secondary grass species at five rates of fertilizer nitrogen application

The impacts of traditional and novel herbicide application methods on target plants, non‐target plants and production in intensive grasslands

The production and persistency of different grass species cut at different heights

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