The signal-to-noise issue in mass spectrometric analysis of polymers

Chagunda, Ian C.; Russell, Gregory T.; McIndoe, J. Scott

doi:10.1039/d1py00461a

Cited by 12 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 74 publications

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“…4000 g mol –1 , corresponding to a degree of polymerization of 9. We believe the inability to detect higher molecular weight species is a result of a large number of lone pairs in these polymers, which causes multiple charging in the case of ESI-MS and therefore a low m / z value . Crucially, the mass spectra did not show integer multiples of the repeat unit, suggesting a linear rather than cyclic polymer structure.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Robust, Divalent, Phosphaza-bicyclo[2.2.2]octane Connector Provides Access to Cage-Dense Inorganic Polymers and Networks

et al. 2023

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While polymers containing chain or ring motifs in their backbone are ubiquitous, those containing well-defined molecular cages are very rare and essentially unknown for the inorganic elements. We report that a rigid and dinucleophilic cage (PNSiMe3)2(NMe)6, which is chemically robust and accessible on a multi-gram scale from commercial precursors, serves as a linear and divalent connector that forms cage-dense inorganic materials. Reaction of the cage with various ditopic P(III) dihalide comonomers proceeded via Me3SiCl elimination to give high molecular weight (30 000–70 000 g mol–1), solution-processable polymers that form free-standing films. The end groups of the polymers could be tuned to engender orthogonal reactivity and form block copolymers. Networked cage-dense materials could be accessed by using PCl3 as a tritopic P(III) linker. Detailed mechanistic studies implicate a stepwise polycondensation that proceeds via phosphino–phosphonium ion intermediates, prior to Me3SiCl loss. Thus, metathesis between the dinucleophilic cage and polyhalides represents a general strategy to making cage-dense polymers, setting the stage for systematically understanding the consequences of the three-dimensional microstructure on macroscopic material properties.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Robust, Divalent, Phosphaza-bicyclo[2.2.2]octane Connector Provides Access to Cage-Dense Inorganic Polymers and Networks

et al. 2023

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“…There are various plastic additives like bis(2‐ethylhexyl) phthalate which are added in the polymers to provide flexibility and pliability 87,88 . These additives can create background interference and decreased signal‐to‐noise ratios during mass spectrometric analysis 89 . Completely avoiding the risk of any contamination in experiments is virtually impossible.…”

Section: Quality Controlmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…87,88 These additives can create background interference and decreased signal-to-noise ratios during mass spectrometric analysis. 89 Completely avoiding the risk of any contamination in experiments is virtually impossible. Background plastic pollution exists everywhere from the laboratory surfaces and air to the sampling equipment used, whether made from latex or cotton.…”

Section: Quality Controlmentioning

confidence: 99%

Methods and challenges in the detection of microplastics and nanoplastics: a mini‐review

Adhikari

Kelkar

Kumar

et al. 2022

Polymer International

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Microplastics (MPs) and nanoplastics (NPs) constitute a newly recognized class of contaminants of emerging concern in air, soil, water and food, causing unavoidable exposure to humans and animals. Detection, identification and quantification of MPs and NPs in environmental matrices and biota is challenging due to the analytes' small size, random morphology, polymeric diversity, applied coatings and vast surface areas which attract chemical and microbial sorbates. This mini‐review explores strengths and weaknesses of analytical methods commonly used for MP and NP identification and quantification, including stereomicroscopy, SEM, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, Raman spectroscopy, flow cytometry and mass spectrometry techniques including matrix‐assisted laser desorption/ionization time‐of‐flight, pyrolysis gas chromatography–mass spectrometry and liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry. Analytical challenges involved in precise MP/NP detection have been identified and recommendations have been provided to ensure data quality addressing common data quality concerns, including the difficulty of obtaining irrefutable proof that detected polymers originated from the sample as opposed to sample contamination during sample acquisition, sample processing and analysis. © 2021 The Authors. Polymer International published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of Society of Industrial Chemistry.

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“…In addition to this, the signal-to-noise issue in so ionization for mass spectrometric analysis of polymers has become a barrier and a challenge to address. 48 To address all these systematic issues, the addition of metal salts is the most important and usually necessary in the formation of cation-polymer or polymer-anion complex ions for a non-polar system. [49][50][51] However, the selection of metal salts for polymer ionization in ionization systems, especially in ESI, and MALDI needs to be carefully performed since most of the polymers present low affinities toward the coordination of metal ions.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…54,55 Several years ago, much effort has been made into the development and application of so ionization systems with the involvement of a small amount of metal salts for MS performance reference to the reviewed reports demonstrating information in detail. [46][47][48][49][50][51][52][53][54][55] However, at present, no review article has been published on the topic to devote to this development of metal ion-assisted ionization systems for polymer analysis. Therefore, a systematic review of the recent development of metal ions from metal salts to assist ionization systems-MS for polymer characterization is pertinent.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Progress on the development of a metal salt-assisted ionization source for the mass spectrometric analysis of polymers

Muyizere

Mukiza

2022

Anal. Methods

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The signal-to-noise issue in mass spectrometric analysis of polymers

Abstract: Mass spectrometric approaches to polymer analysis become increasingly ineffective as average molecular weight increases. This perspective explains these fundamental limits of MS for determining molecular weight distribution of high polymers.

Cited by 12 publications

References 74 publications

A Robust, Divalent, Phosphaza-bicyclo[2.2.2]octane Connector Provides Access to Cage-Dense Inorganic Polymers and Networks

A Robust, Divalent, Phosphaza-bicyclo[2.2.2]octane Connector Provides Access to Cage-Dense Inorganic Polymers and Networks

Methods and challenges in the detection of microplastics and nanoplastics: a mini‐review

Progress on the development of a metal salt-assisted ionization source for the mass spectrometric analysis of polymers

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