The signal processing of heart sound from digital stethoscope for identification of heart condition using wavelet transform and neural network

Machine Learning and IoT Applied to Cardiovascular Diseases Identification through Heart Sounds: A Literature Review

“…The model used the Arduino, connected by Bluetooth, to the notebook for processing and analysis of the signal by the MatLab software and Android smartphone. MatLab software was used in 24 works (IDs = 2, 3, 7, 8, 9, 11, 16,17,18,24,26,27,30,35,37,39,42,46,48,54,55,56,57,58).…”

“…The main tool used to pick up signals was the digital stethoscope, mentioning in 44 articles (IDs = 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 10,11,13,15,16,17,18,19,20,21,22,23,24,25,26,27,29,30,31,32,33,35,36,37,38,39,42,44,45,46,48,49,50,51,52,53,54,56). The connectivity of digital stethoscopes occurs, in most equipment, by Bluetooth, not over the Internet, and for this reason these equipments are not considered IoT devices.…”

“…Gómez-Quintana et al [82] (48) reported that congenital heart diseases (CCDs), originating due to heart malformation, affect a certain of 1% of newborns and are responsible for 3% of all deaths of children. CVD are usually detected by ultrasound examination between the 12th and 16th weeks of gestation.…”

“…Among the 58 articles selected, 34 works (58.62%,IDs = 1, 2, 5, 6, 10, 19,20,21,22,25,31,32,33,34,35,36,37,39,40,41,42,43,44,46,48,49,50,51,52,53,54,55,56,58) mention care using Machine Learning. Leng et al [30] (36) showed the possible interactions between the electronic stethoscope, the sensor-captured signal decomposition algorithm, machine learning techniques and cardiac sound segmentation.…”

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“…Therefore, many researchers attempted to analyse and classify heart acoustic signals in order to diagnose the heart condition, especially using Wavelet Transform and many cases combined with team of two attempted building heart sound monitor using wearable . Although they focused on the hardware, the mathematical model of the heart they worked on g the inverse function for the pulse wave between two locations along the same artery; chest and wrist and used that to estimate the recorded pulse wave at the chest from the one recorded at work were used to process and identify the heart condition using the heart sound signal obtained from a novel digital stethoscope [4].Digital stethoscope is an advancement in the field of heart sound diagnosis, because it overcomes the limitation of the acoustic stethoscope, such as; its reliance on the physician's hearing sensitivity and the impossibility of saving its sound into the patients' record. The novel stethoscope converts the analogue audio into digital signal, amplify, and low-pass filter the signal to produce an audible digital signal.…”