The signal of ill-defined CPT weakening entanglement in the $${B_d}$$ B d system

Abstract

In the presence of quantum-gravity fluctuations (space-time foam), the CPT operator may be ill-defined. Its perturbative treatment leads to a modification of the EinsteinPodolsky-Rosen correlation of the neutral meson system by adding an entanglement-weakening term of the wrong exchange symmetry, the ω-effect. In the current paper we identify how to probe the complex ω in the entangled B dsystem using the flavour ( f )-CP(g) eigenstate decay channels: the connection between the intensities for the two timeordered decays ( f, g) and (g, f ) is lost. Appropriate observables are constructed allowing independent experimental determinations of Re(ω) and Im(ω), disentangled from CPT violation in the evolution Hamiltonian Re(θ ) and Im(θ ). 2σ tensions for both Re(θ ) and Im(ω) are shown to be uncorrelated.

Models & Searches of CPT Violation: a personal, very partial, list

“…These 2σ tensions have been shown to be uncorrelated [48]. At this juncture, I would like to point out that an observation of the ω-effect in both the Φ and B-factories could also provide an independent test of Lorentz symmetry properties of the intrinsic CPT Violation, namely whether the effect respects Lorentz symmetry.…”

“…This is because in such a case a distinct phenomenon, associated with the ill-defined nature of CPT operator, emerges, termed ω-effect [19]. If the ω effect were present, such direct Tviolation tests using entangled states of B-mesons [48] would allow the experimenter to disentangle it from conventional CPT violating effects in the Hamiltonian, within the SME framework, and also to measure independently Imω and Reω. We shall comment briefly on this later in the section.…”

“…Quite recently, we have embarked [48] on a detailed study of ω-effects in B d -system, using the experimental procedure suggested in [44], and implemented in [35], for tests of T violation in etnangled meson systems independent of CP violation. We have identified how to probe the complex ω parameter in the entangled B d -system using Flavour(f)-CP(g) eigenstate decay channels: the connection between the Intensities for the two time-ordered decays (f, g) and (g, f) is lost in the presence of a non-zero ω.…”

“…Appropriate observables have been constructed allowing independent experimental determinations of Re(ω) and Im(ω), disentangled from CPT violation in the evolution Hamiltonian, Re(θ) and Im(θ), which parametrise CPTV within the SME local effective field theory frameworks. The general analysis of [48] has found Im (ω) = ±(6.40 ± 2.80) × 10 −2 , Re (ω) = (1.09 ± 1.60) × 10 −2 ,…”

Revealing neutrino nature and CPT violation with decoherence effects

“…Since we are mainly interested in highlighting the difference between Dirac and Majorana neutrinos, for simplicity we compare them in the vacuum. It is worthwhile mentioning that matter effects might be negligible or even vanishing if we assume neutrino propagation in empty space where the source of decoherence could be attributed, for example, to spacetime fluctuations [30][31][32][33][34][35][36]. However, in a forthcoming paper we will extend our treatment in the presence of matter.…”