The Signal Detection Hypothesis and the Perceptual Defect Theory of Stuttering

Martin, James E.

doi:10.1044/jshd.3503.252

Cited by 10 publications

(5 citation statements)

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“…Nevertheless, the hypothesis of defective speech monitoring--due to hyper-sensitivity to errors (Maraist & Hutton, 1957; J. E. Martin, 1970; Russell et al, 2005; Sherrard, 1975), or due to inaccuracy in predicting the sensory consequences of movements (Max, 2004; Max et al, 2004)--can be investigated using the DIVA model by modifying the ε parameter which modulates the likelihood of error repair (described in Section 2.3).…”

Section: Conclusion and General Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Overreliance on auditory feedback may lead to sound/syllable repetitions: Simulations of stuttering and fluency-inducing conditions with a neural model of speech production

Civier

Tasko

Guenther

2010

Journal of Fluency Disorders

156

168

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This paper investigates the hypothesis that stuttering may result in part from impaired readout of feedforward control of speech, which forces persons who stutter (PWS) to produce speech with a motor strategy that is weighted too much toward auditory feedback control. Over-reliance on feedback control leads to production errors which, if they grow large enough, can cause the motor system to "reset" and repeat the current syllable. This hypothesis is investigated using computer simulations of a "neurally impaired" version of the DIVA model, a neural network model of speech acquisition and production. The model's outputs are compared to published acoustic data from PWS' fluent speech, and to combined acoustic and articulatory movement data collected from the dysfluent speech of one PWS. The simulations mimic the errors observed in the PWS subject's speech, as well as the repairs of these errors. Additional simulations were able to account for enhancements of fluency gained by slowed/prolonged speech and masking noise. Together these results support the hypothesis that many dysfluencies in stuttering are due to a bias away from feedforward control and toward feedback control. EDUCATIONAL OBJECTIVES The reader will be able to (a) describe the contribution of auditory feedback control and feedforward control to normal and stuttered speech production, (b) understand the neural modeling approach to speech production and its application to stuttering, and (c) explain how the DIVA model accounts for enhancements of fluency gained by slowed/prolonged speech and masking noise.Publisher's Disclaimer: This is a PDF file of an unedited manuscript that has been accepted for publication. As a service to our customers

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Section: Conclusion and General Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Overreliance on auditory feedback may lead to sound/syllable repetitions: Simulations of stuttering and fluency-inducing conditions with a neural model of speech production

Civier

Tasko

Guenther

2010

Journal of Fluency Disorders

156

168

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“…The false alarm concept, as used here, is derived from signal detection theory, and it is appropriate to consider the extent to which it can properly be applied outside the context of signal detection theory experimentation. The concepts of the theory have already been applied in quite diverse fields: motor skill, (Davis and Tune, 1970), attention (Moray and O'Brien, 1967), and stuttering (Martin, 1970), though with quite a different approach to the present study in this latter case. When translating a model from one field to another, the propriety of doing so may be judged in terms of the number of assumptions which are required or implied in making the translation.…”

Section: Alarm Denialmentioning

confidence: 99%

Stuttering as “False Alarm” Responding

Sherrard

1975

Intl J Lang & Comm Disor

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Summary It is hypothesised that a stutter is a false alarm, or superfluous correction response to speech feedback signals, such that the overt behavioural response is the repetition of a speech unit. The experiment attempts to elicit stuttering in normals by setting up two conditions, anxiety and divided attention, in which false alarms in any perceptual‐motor task would be predicted. The divided attention condition does increase stutters. The anxiety condition does not increase stutters, but increases the probability of a speech error being corrected, indicating that anxiety directs attention to speech feedback. Auditory masking reduces stutters in all conditions, demonstrating the crucial role of auditory feedback in normal as well as in pathological speech disfluencies. The distribution of elicited stutters is analogous to the distribution of false alarms in orthodox signal detection experiments.

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“…This has been accomplished in tíre model by the presence of the four decision points. According to tire signal detection hypothesis and perceptual defect theory, inherent unintelligibility of speech and/or excessive conservative criteria set for evaluating one's own speech cause stuttering (Martin, 1970). Inherent unintelligibility is represented in the present model by a defec tive vocal mechanism and the notion of excessive conservative criteria is incor porated into the comparator.…”

Section: Discussion Of the Modelmentioning

confidence: 99%

Integrated Analysis of Stuttering Using a Simple Conceptual Model

Murthy¹

1980

Folia Phoniatr Logop

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The Signal Detection Hypothesis and the Perceptual Defect Theory of Stuttering

Cited by 10 publications

References 0 publications

Overreliance on auditory feedback may lead to sound/syllable repetitions: Simulations of stuttering and fluency-inducing conditions with a neural model of speech production

Overreliance on auditory feedback may lead to sound/syllable repetitions: Simulations of stuttering and fluency-inducing conditions with a neural model of speech production

Stuttering as “False Alarm” Responding

Integrated Analysis of Stuttering Using a Simple Conceptual Model

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