The SIDDHARTA-2 Veto-2 system for X-ray spectroscopy of kaonic atoms at DAΦNE

Abstract

The Veto-2 is a fundamental component of a multiple-stage veto system for the SIDDHARTA-2 experiment installed at the DAΦNE collider at INFN-LNF in Italy. It was developed to improve the signal-to-background ratio for the challenging measurement of X-ray transitions to the fundamental level in kaonic deuterium. Its purpose is the suppression of hadronic background in the form of Minimum Ionizing Particles by using the topological correlation between signals in the X-ray and Veto-2 detectors. The Veto-2 system consists of a barrel of plastic scintillators read out by Silicon Photomultipliers. The system performed its first successful test run within the apparatus with a helium-4 target in 2022. The efficiency of the Veto-2 was determined and found to be 0.62 ± 0.01. The Veto-2 improved the signal-to-background ratio for the kaonic helium-4 Lα measurement by ∼ 16%, which is crucial due to the low expected X-ray yield of kaonic deuterium.

Characterization of the SIDDHARTA-2 Setup via the Kaonic Helium Measurement

“…Twelve plastic scintillators read by pairs of PMTs are placed around the cryogenic target outside the vacuum chamber, forming the Veto-1 system [18]. Inside the vacuum chamber, surrounding the target, smaller scintillators read by Silicon Photo-Multipliers (SiPMs) are used as an additional Veto-2 system [19,20]. The goal of these two detectors is to suppress the synchronous background originating from the nuclear absorption of the K − and to limit the fake signals induced by the Minimum Ionizing Particles (MIPs) on the X-ray detectors.…”