The shutdown of Rio de Janeiro

Penglase, R. Ben

doi:10.1111/j.0268-540x.2005.00379.x

Cited by 66 publications

(20 citation statements)

References 6 publications

(2 reference statements)

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“…In 2009, for example, the Familia Michoacana cartel organized street protests (Reforma 2009), launched a simultaneous attack on twelve federal police stations across Michoacán state (Grillo 2011), and then made a televised plea for dialogue with Calderón and demanding the withdrawal of the federal police from Michoacán (''We have no issue with the Army or the Navy,'' they clarified [El Universal 2009]). Rio de Janeiro's cartel leaders, who are mostly incarcerated, have been known to launch coordinated terror attacks-usually bus burnings, roadblocks, and the closing of business districts-to pressure authorities for changes in carceral policies (Penglase 2005).…”

Section: Logics Of Violence In Cartel-state Conflict: Lobbying Versusmentioning

confidence: 99%

Logics of Violence in Criminal War

Lessing

2015

Journal of Conflict Resolution

170

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What kind of war is Mexico's drug war? The prominent ''criminal insurgency'' approach helpfully focuses attention on cartel-state conflict, but unnecessarily redefines insurgency as ''state-weakening,'' eliding critical differences in rebels' and cartels' aims. Whereas rebels fight states, and cartels fight with one another, to conquer mutually prized territory and resources, cartels fight states ''merely'' to constrain their behavior and influence policy outcomes. This distinction yields a typology with theoretical consequences: decisive victory plays an important role in most models of civil war but is impossible or undesirable in wars of constraint. Theories of criminal war must therefore explain how ongoing coercive violence can be preferable to pacific strategies. I distinguish two such coercive logics of cartelstate conflict: violent lobbying and violent corruption. Lobbyings' more universalistic benefits elicit free riding, so turf war among cartels should make it rarer than violent corruption. This prediction accords with qualitative and quantitative evidence from Mexico, Colombia, and Brazil.

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Section: Logics Of Violence In Cartel-state Conflict: Lobbying Versusmentioning

confidence: 99%

Logics of Violence in Criminal War

Lessing

2015

Journal of Conflict Resolution

170

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“…147 Furthermore, certain gangs in Brazil, such as Comando Vermelho, have imposed a 'simulacrum of governmental control' onto the favelas, which serve as an ideal hiding place for drugs and provide a pool of unemployed young men for recruitment. 148 Having thus established their own criminal fiefdom, the 'Red Command' and the rival factions in which it has split up can hence be categorized as transformed types of gangs.…”

Section: Subtypes Of Gangsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Challenge of Community-Based Armed Groups: Towards a Conceptualization of Militias, Gangs, and Vigilantes

Schuberth¹

2015

Contemporary Security Policy

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“…Similarly, Robert Gay (2009) describes how the 'favelas of hope' he studied in Rio, which had been characterized by vibrant grassroots organizations in the past, become 'favelas of despair', dominated by extralegal armed actors spreading terror and mistrust. An equivalent picture emerges from other contemporary studies of Rio de Janeiro's slums (for example, Goldstein, 2003;Penglase, 2005;Arias, 2006;McCann, 2006), as well as studies of slums and shantytowns in other Latin American cities (for example, Goldstein, 2004;Hume, 2009;Moser, 2009).…”

Section: Key Issues In Latin American Urban Developmentmentioning

confidence: 80%

Latin American Urban Development into the Twenty-first Century: Towards a Renewed Perspective on the City

2011

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This article argues for a more systemic engagement with Latin American cities, contending that it is necessary to reconsider their unity in order to nuance the 'fractured cities' perspective that has widely come to epitomize the contemporary urban moment in the region. It begins by offering an overview of regional urban development trends, before exploring how the underlying imaginary of the city has critically shifted over the past half century. Focusing in particular on the way that slums and shantytowns have been conceived, it traces how the predominant conception of the Latin American city moved from a notion of unity to a perception of fragmentation, highlighting how this had critically negative ramifications for urban development agendas, and concludes with a call for a renewed vision of Latin American urban life.

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The shutdown of Rio de Janeiro

Cited by 66 publications

References 6 publications

Logics of Violence in Criminal War

Logics of Violence in Criminal War

The Challenge of Community-Based Armed Groups: Towards a Conceptualization of Militias, Gangs, and Vigilantes

Latin American Urban Development into the Twenty-first Century: Towards a Renewed Perspective on the City

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