The Shoulder-Hand Syndrome in Reflex Dystrophy of the Upper Extremity

Steinbrocker, Otto; Spitzer, Norman; Friedman, H. Harold

doi:10.1080/00325481.1948.11692999

Cited by 21 publications

(18 citation statements)

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“…The 'warm' and 'cold' forms represent another classification of CRPS based on the main clinical features. This is not a formal classification and was primarily described by Steinbrocker at the end of the 50s (51). The clinical presentation of the distal limb permits to distinguish the two forms (red, and edematous extremity in the warm form and dusky, sweaty extremity in the cold one).…”

Section: Clinical Features and Subtypesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Post-traumatic complex regional pain syndrome: clinical features and epidemiology

Ratti

Nordio

Resmini

et al. 2015

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SummaryComplex Regional Pain Syndrome (CRPS) is a chronic pain condition that occurs after a tissue injury (fractures, sprain, surgery) of the upper or lower extremities. A clear pathophysiological mechanism has not been established yet and different patterns are considered to play a role in the genesis of the disease. The diagnosis is made by different diagnosis criteria and a gold standard has not been established yet. Incidence of CRPS is unclear and large prospective studies on the incidence and prevalence of CRPS are scarce. The aim of this review is to give an overview on the prevalent data regarding this chronic syndrome.

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Section: Clinical Features and Subtypesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Post-traumatic complex regional pain syndrome: clinical features and epidemiology

Ratti

Nordio

Resmini

et al. 2015

ccmbm

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“…Peripheral vasoconstriction has been held to be responsible for referred cardiac pain by Roberts (1945) and has been demonstrated by variations of cutaneous temperature (Doret and Ferrero, 1951). An analogous mechanism is known to be responsible for the trophic lesions in the upper limb which are well-recognized clinical sequelae of acute cardiac pain and myocardial infarction (Askey, 1941;Kehl, 1943;Johnson, 1943;Steinbrocker, Spitzer, and Friedman, 1948;Hilker, 1949;Chitwood, 1950;Swan and Henderson, 1951). Apart from possibly initiating reflexes, which may cause spasm of the peripheral vessels, the coronary arteries themselves are subject to vasospastic stimuli from various organs of the body (von Bergmann, 1932;Greene, 1935;Gilbert, Fenn, and LeRoy, 1940;Freedberg, Spiegi, and Riseman, 1944).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cutaneous Petechiae in Fatal Coronary Artery Disease

Gerlis¹

1958

J Clin Pathol

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In the clinical recognition of myocardial ischaemia, the nature and distribution of the referred pain which frequently accompanies it are of considerable diagnostic importance. Unfortunately in cases of sudden death there may be no such history and not always is an unequivocal fatal cardiac lesion found, such as a recent or ruptured infarct, or an acute occluding lesion of a coronary artery. In some there is little to indicate why or how the patient actually died, as the only cardiac lesions found are of long standing. The fatal disturbance is often of function rather than of structure and in such cases the post-mortem diagnosis of acute coronary insufficiency is made by implication rather than observation.In seven necropsies on cases of acute coronary death cutaneous petechiae were observed at sites commonly associated with referred pain of cardiac origin (Fig. 1). No such lesions were observed in any deaths not of coronary origin. These petechiae were all outside the area of cutaneous post-mortem hypostasis and in no case w as there any evidence of generalized haemorrhagic disease. It is suggested that this sign may be of diagnostic significance in the post-mortem diagnosis of coronary insufficiency. There appears to be no previous description of similar observations in cases of coronary heart disease either before or after death. Case 2.-A man of 64 years who had led a healthy and active life as a pedlar was found dead in bed the day after he experienced a sensation of being unwell, accompanied by pain in the chest and abdomen, although these did not restrict his usual activities.There was a localized area of fine recent petechiae on the right side of the chest extending as a horizontal band 71 cm. long and 5 cm. wide just below the right nipple and fading out over the right border of the sternum. The lungs showed acute oedema. The heart was not enlarged. A solitary subepicardial petechia was present in the atrioventricular groove near the right cardiac border. The right coronary artery showed a region of atheromatous stenosis at a point 1 cm. from the origin. Distal to this there was a segment of complete occlusion by a thrombus extending for 2 cm., and histological examination showed acute haemorrhagic extravasation into the adventitia overlying this occluded portion. The myocardium showed no evidence of acute infarction.Case 3.-This 37-year-old blacksmith was found to have an enlarged heart and an atypical bundle-branch block at the age of 29. In the subsequent two years he had several attacks of "blackout " which were preceded by pain in the tips of the fingers of the left hand which spread up into the left arm, and terminated in unconsciousness. There was no history of convulsive fits. During the last two years of his life he suffered from palpitations. Three days before death in April, 1953, he had increasing dyspnoea and epigastric pain radiating to the back between the shoulder blades, upwards into both sides of the neck, and down the inner sides of both arms. Clinical examination showed severe shock ...

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“…Increased atmospheric pressure is another hazard, and McCallum, Stanger, Walder, and Paton (1954) associated this with bilateral avascular necrosis of the femoral heads. On the other hand, some diseases, apparently related to the musculoskeletal system, have no direct traumatic background; for instance, the shoulder-hand syndrome may co-exist with a coronary infarct (Steinbrocker, Spitzer, and Friedman, 1948).…”

Section: Severity Of Rheumatic Diseasementioning

confidence: 99%

Rheumatism in industry: a review

Anderson

1971

Occupational and Environmental Medicine

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Anderson, J. A. D. (1971). Brit. J. industr. Med., 28,[103][104][105][106][107][108][109][110][111][112][113][114][115][116][117][118][119][120][121]. Rheumatism in industry: a review. Information about causes, effects, and prevention of rheumatic disease among industrial workers lacks standardization, as shown by the literature in this field; one reason for this is that there are discrepancies about the range of diseases and syndromes which should be included under this heading. The Industrial Survey Unit of the Arthritis and Rheumatism Council defined a rheumatic complaint as musculo-skeletal pain not related to recent (i.e., within six weeks) trauma. A study by the Unit of the social and economic effects of rheumatism among 2 684 male employees from a range of manual occupations is consideredin relation to the observations made by other investigators. Sickness absence (at present estimated to be about 29-8 million working days per annum in Britain) and premature retirement can be shown to result directly from rheumatic complaints, especially rheumatoid arthritis and disc disease; furthermore, there seems to be general agreement that sickness absence is more marked in heavy manual occupations than in light ones. However, the extent to which job changes ascribed to rheumatic complaints are in fact caused by them is more doubtful. Evidence supporting the view that occupational factors are related to the aetiology of some chronic rheumatic diseases is fairly strong. Chronic tenosynovitis, bursitis, osteoarthrosis, and, to a lesser extent, disc disease are among those in which such a relationship can be demonstrated; however, the reason why some men are more prone to develop these conditions than others working in similar jobs is still in doubt, suggesting that the aetiology is multifactorial. In other rheumatic diseases, notably rheumatoid arthritis, a fairly extensive study of the literature does not indicate any clear correlation between occupation and aetiology. A system of job analysis for individual workers based on effort, posture, and climatic conditions at work is suggested. Its use as an alternative to grouping employees under their occupational titles might help to clarify these points. Prevention of rheumatic disease (including the use of pre-employment medical examinations) seems impracticable at the present time, but some progress in tackling the problems of rheumatism among industrial workers might be possible by improving rehabilitative services. These improvements would depend on closer collaboration not only between government departments but among doctors themselves and between them and others working in this field.

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The Shoulder-Hand Syndrome in Reflex Dystrophy of the Upper Extremity

Cited by 21 publications

References 0 publications

Post-traumatic complex regional pain syndrome: clinical features and epidemiology

Post-traumatic complex regional pain syndrome: clinical features and epidemiology

Cutaneous Petechiae in Fatal Coronary Artery Disease

Rheumatism in industry: a review

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