The short‐term effects of carcinogens and sulphur dioxide on the nuclear size of rat nasal epithelial cells

Fowlie, A. J.; Grasso, P.; Benford, Diane

doi:10.1002/jat.2550100106

Cited by 9 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 30 publications

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“…The enlarged nuclei in the mouse bronchial epithelium were widely distributed over the entire region tract from the main bronchus to terminal bronchioles, while the rat nuclear enlargement was localized in the main bronchus. The nuclear enlargement was reported to occur as an early histopathological change induced by chemical carcinogens in the upper respiratory tract of rats exposed to sulphur dioxide and intraperitoneally injected with several N-nitrosamines which are known to induce nasal tumors in rats (Fowlie et al, 1990). Grant and Grasso (1978) reported that there is a good correlation between in vivo carcinogenicity and the extent of nuclear enlargement in HeLa cells in vitro.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Thirteen-week oral toxicity of 1,4-dioxane in rats and mice

et al. 2008

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Subchronic oral toxicity of 1,4-dioxane was examined by administering 1,4-dioxane in drinking water at 6 different concentrations of 0 (control), 640, 1,600, 4,000, 10,000 or 25,000 ppm (wt/wt) to F344 rats and BDF(1)mice of both sexes for 13 weeks. Food and water consumption and terminal body weight were decreased dose-dependently in rats and mice. A dose-dependent increase in the relative weights of kidney and lung was noted in rats and mice, while the relative liver weight was increased only in rats. Increases in plasma levels of aspartate aminotransferase (AST) and alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and a decrease in plasma glucose were noted primarily in the rats and mice dosed 25,000 ppm. Histopathological examination revealed that 1,4-dioxane affected the upper and lower respiratory tracts, liver, kidneys and brain in rats, while only the former two organs were affected in mice. Nuclear enlargement occurred in the respiratory, olfactory, tracheal and bronchial epithelia of the 1,4-dioxane-dosed rats and mice. The 1,4-dioxane-induced hepatic lesions were characterized by centrilobular swelling and necrosis in rats and mice and by glutathione S-transferase placental form (GST-P)-positive altered hepatocellular foci in rats, which are known as preneoplastic lesions. A no-observed-adverse-effect-level (NOAEL) was determined at 640 ppm for both rats and mice, since the nuclear enlargement in the nasal respiratory epithelium and the centrilobular swelling of hepatocytes in rats and the nuclear enlargement in the bronchial epithelium in mice were observed at 1,600 ppm. The NOAEL value corresponded to the estimated 1,4-dioxane intake of 52 mg/kg/day in rats and 170 mg/kg/day in mice.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Thirteen-week oral toxicity of 1,4-dioxane in rats and mice

et al. 2008

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“…In addition, inhibition of microbial growth could have been due to high levels of sugars (14.54 to 24.47%) resulting from overheating in syrup and jam products and use of preservatives. A preservative like sulphur dioxide (SO 2 ) is very detrimental to respiratory system of individuals (Fowie et al, 2006). Similar findings were reported by Basal and Rahman (2007) in Bangladesh where and the absence of total viable count growth in fruit juices was attributed may have been due to the use of higher preservatives than the recommended amount.…”

Section: Samplementioning

confidence: 53%

Microbial and heavy metal contamination of pineapple products processed by small and medium scale processing enterprises in Rwanda

Mukantwali¹,

Laswai²,

Tiisekwa³

et al. 2014

Afr. J. Biotechnol.

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Fruit products are increasingly consumed but highly prone to microbial deterioration if not adequately processed and stored. The present study was conducted to evaluate the microbial and heavy metal concentrations of packed pineapple nectars, syrups and jams processed by 10 Small and Medium scale pineapple processing Enterprises (SMEs) over a storage duration of 12 months. Collected samples were analysed to determine whether the levels of microbial and heavy metal concentrations were in line with maximum permissible limits set by Codex Alimentarius Commission (CAC), East African Standards (EAS) and Rwanda Bureau of Standards (RBS). The samples were tested for yeasts and moulds, total plate counts, Faecal coliforms, total coliforms, Escherichia coli, Salmonella, Shigella and Staphylococcus aureus using tested International Organization for Standardization (ISO) microbial determination methods. Quantitative determination of heavy metals: zinc, iron, lead, copper, cadmium and aluminium was carried out by Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometer (AAS). Pineapple products were free from most of the microorganisms but only nectars from 30% of SMEs were highly contaminated above the permissible Codex and RBS limits with total plate counts >300 CFU/ml and yeasts and mould counts >300 CFU/ml. The mean levels of zinc, iron, copper and aluminium were within the acceptable recommended Codex and RBS standard values but the levels of lead and cadmium were above those permissible standard values. These results indicated that some fruit processors in Rwanda may not be observing good manufacturing and hygienic practices, leading to a need for improved post-harvest and processing guidelines, better monitoring and enforcement, and additional research into heavy-metal ingress in the manufacturing process.

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“…Maximum amount of SO 2 was found in sample C (40.62 mg/kg) and lowest amount was found in sample B (10.51 mg/kg) ( Table 5). Biological studies have shown that very high levels of sulphites can lead to gastric reactions and it is very detrimental to respiratory (Fowlie et al, 2006). As a result, in 1994 the European Commission's Scientific Committee on Food (SCF) set an acceptable daily intake (ADI) for sulphur dioxide of 0.7 mg/kg body weight/day.…”

Section: Baseline Survey Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

An overview of quality status of selected commercial brands of juices and jams based on public perception and laboratory analysis

Kayshar

Saifullah²,

Rahman

et al. 2014

J Bangladesh Agric Univ

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The study was done to evaluate the quality status of selected commercial brands of juices and jams based on laboratory analysis and public perception. The entire research work was carried out in two phases to evaluate the quality of juices and jams, available in local market. In phase I, a comprehensive baseline survey was done to know the public perception and this revealed that, according to the notion of most respondents, commercial juice and jam products available in market were adulterated by harmful food colors, low grade fruits and harmful preservatives and these were harmful for health. Besides, some outcome from this survey, such as, avoiding low quality products and adopting BSTI standard, enforcing law and imposing punishment and social motivation of food consumers to prevent adulteration. In phase II, chemical analysis and sensory evaluation of selected samples were done. The collected samples were four different brands of mango juices, two different brands of mango jam, two different brands of pineapple jam and apple jam from one brand. Different parameters of collected samples like moisture content, ash content, total soluble solid content, pH, acidity as citric acid, total plate count, yeast and mold count, preservative (Sulphur dioxide and Sodium benzoate) content and heavy metal (As, Pb, Cu, Zn and Sn) content were analyzed. Heavy metal content in every sample was below the detection level. Microbial load was in safe level according to gulf standard. However, preservative content in few samples was quite higher than acceptable limit. Other parameters of collected samples were in acceptable limits. Sensory evaluation showed that all commercial jam and juice samples were more or less equally acceptable and all products obtained satisfactory total score from sensory evaluation.

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The short‐term effects of carcinogens and sulphur dioxide on the nuclear size of rat nasal epithelial cells

Cited by 9 publications

References 30 publications

Thirteen-week oral toxicity of 1,4-dioxane in rats and mice

Thirteen-week oral toxicity of 1,4-dioxane in rats and mice

Microbial and heavy metal contamination of pineapple products processed by small and medium scale processing enterprises in Rwanda

An overview of quality status of selected commercial brands of juices and jams based on public perception and laboratory analysis

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