The Shipley-Hartford Scale as an Independent Measure of Mental Ability

Lewinski, Robert J.

doi:10.1177/001316444600600208

Cited by 9 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 6 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…3. Age is related to high scores on the Shipley-Hartford Vocabulary subtest (2V) which can be used as a rough measure of intellectual functioning (5,17). The older 5s tend to be somewhat brighter than the younger 5s.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Intellectual rigidity and social attitudes.

Goodstein¹

1953

The Journal of Abnormal and Social Psychology

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

IT has been assumed that rigidity is a general factor related to the development of social attitudes. Murphy has stated, "It is of importance to note the very broad base of generality, general rigidity, whtfh serves as the primary source of all specific phenomena in the prejudice area" (4, p. ix). This assumption has been put to some empirical study.The most widely quoted research in this area is the work of Rokeach (11, 12, 13, 14). He stated in his original study, "The basic assumption ... is that one of the characteristics of ethnocentric thinking (i.e., prejudice) is a rigidity or inflexibility of the thinking process" (12, p. 259). Rokeach found that individuals who were ethnocentric on the California Ethnocentrism Scale were also more likely to be rigid in their solution of a series of arithmetic problems. He concluded, "The data clearly indicate that those high in ethnocentrism are more concrete (i.e., rigid) in their mode of thought than those who are low in ethnocentrism" (12, p. 277).In a more recent study (14), Rokeach found that prejudiced individuals gave more concrete definitions of political, economic, and religious concepts while nonprejudiced individuals gave more abstract definitions.Rokeach's work, however, has been criticized by Luchins (6,7,8) on the grounds that the arithmetical problems do not measure deep-seated personality rigidity. Second, he objected to Rokeach's method of combining all persons who made low scores on the attitude scale and defining the resulting group as nonprejudiced. Finally, Luchins noted that no general factor of intellectual rigidity has been unequivocally demonstrated and insisted that this issue is crucial in limiting Rokeach's conclusions.1 Based on a portion of a dissertation submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in the Faculty of Philosophy, Columbia University. The writer wishes to acknowledge his indebtedness to Drs. L. F. Shaffer, Irving Lorge, and E. J. Shoben, Jr., for their generous assistance.

show abstract

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Intellectual rigidity and social attitudes.

Goodstein¹

1953

The Journal of Abnormal and Social Psychology

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Difficulty cf major area Pnor to the mam study, a list of 28 major fields of study was rated by 160 sophomore, jumor, and semor women for both diflSculty and prestige Smce difficulty correlated highly with prestige (Pearson r's = .91, 89, and 97 for the three classes), scores for the areas were based on difficulty alone The three classes' ratmgs were combmed to yield an average level of rated difficulty for eadi major fleld These levels are hsted m order below Bugelski (1962), was used to measure this vanable Of chief mterest were two measures difference between (a) time taken to solve problem 7, requirmg a change m set, from mean time to solve problems 1 through 6 and (fe) mean time to completion for aU 9 problems The former measure was mtended as an mdex of flexibility, the latter was to be an estimate of overall cogmtive functionmg Intelligence All subjects were given the 40-item vocabulary recogmtion section of the Shipley-Hartford Scale Lewmski (1946) has reported correlations of 58 between the Wechsler-Bellevue Full Scale IQ and the Shipley vocabulary, as weU as a 64 correlation between the Wechsler-BeUevue Verbal Scale and the Shipley vocabulary Self-esteem''^ Subjects were admmistered a 20-item self-esteem questionnaire developed by deCharms and Rosenbaum (i960) on 4 Self-esteem, authontananism, and the WAS items had the same format They were answered along a -3 to -t-3 scale for degree of endorsement, and some items were reflected m order to avoid a "yea-saymg" response style In addition, half the self-esteem items were imbedded m the authontananism scale and half m the WAS to disguise somewhat the general purposes erf the measures go identity status in college women 255 which the subject mdicated his degree of endorsement of statements concermng general feelmgs of self-confldence and worthmess Authoritarianism Subjects were asked to mdicate their degree of endorsement of statements reflectmg authontanan submission and conventionahty taken from the Califorma F scale (Adomo, Frenkel-Brunswik, Levinson, & Sanford, 1950) Anxiety or general maladjustment Anxiety, or general maladjustment, was measured by the Welsh Anxiety Scale (Welsh, 1956) Block (1965) has suggested that this scale is closely related to his "Alpha" factor obtamed from the MMPI and that it measures a general susceptibihty to anxiety…”

Section: Measures Of Task Variablesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ego identity status in college women1

1970

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Summary Ego‐identity status was determined for 49 college women and related to difficulty of college major, self‐esteem, authoritarianism, and Welsh Anxiety Scale (WAS) scores The modified identity status interview for women included “attitudes toward premarital intercourse” Identity achievements had more difficult majors than identity diffusions Foreclosures were highest in self‐esteem and lowest in WAS scores–interpreted either as approval‐seeking or as this status's adaptive value for women. They were also highest in authoritarianism Moratoriums were lowest in authoritarianism. Identity diffusions obtained the highest WAS scores Failure to find differences on the Luchins Water Jars task was seen as limiting the range of the identity status constructs.

show abstract

“…Ann Magaret and Mary M. Simpson (73) found that neither the Shipley-Hartford nor the Wechsler deterioration index correlated significantly with psychiatric ratings or with each other. Other evidence concerning the scale, which gave some suggestion of its validity both as a diagnostic instrument and as a scale of mental ability, has been presented by M. Erik Wright (104) and by Robert J. Lewinski (65). The Shipley-Hartford test is poorly standardized and not widely used by psychologists; it is offered here as an example of a simple screening scale.…”

Section: Tests Of Intellectual Deficitmentioning

confidence: 96%

The evaluation of intellectual efficiency.

Hadley¹

Clinical and Counseling Psychology.

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

The Evaluation of Intellectual Efficiency I N THE PREVIOUS CHAPTER WE WERE CONCERNED PRIMARILY WITH the evaluation of intellectual capacity. We will now go on to consider the evaluation of the efficiency of intellectual functioning. These areas are closely related; in fact, they may be two aspects of the same problem. However, the concept of efficiency involves certain aspects of intellectual functioning not always involved in the concept of capacity.We approach the evaluation of the intellectual efficiency of our client with a twofold purpose; first, to examine his behavior for indications of functioning that is characteristic of brain damage or other intellectual deterioration; second, to facilitate the planning of counseling, therapy, or rehabilitation. The psychologist is frequently called upon to conduct psychological tests from which inferences regarding brain damage or intellectual deterioration can be made. Although such tests certainly cannot conclusively demonstrate the existence or absence of organic brain damage, they are of definite use in evaluating behavior that may be typical of, or resemble that of a person with, neurological abnormality. David G. Wright (101) has described a patient in whom the physician had no basis for suspecting the presence of brain damage from either psychiatric or neurological symptoms, but it was suggested by findings on the Rorschach and Wechsler-Bellevue tests. He described another case in which suspected organicity was ruled out by test findings. Such diagnostic conclusions are based upon inferences made from controlled observations of the patient's behavior, and not from any direct signs. The psychologist cannot be expected to perform any absolute tests. He can only suggest

show abstract

The Shipley-Hartford Scale as an Independent Measure of Mental Ability

Cited by 9 publications

References 6 publications

Intellectual rigidity and social attitudes.

Intellectual rigidity and social attitudes.

Ego identity status in college women1

The evaluation of intellectual efficiency.

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About