The shared genetic architecture of smoking behaviours and psychiatric disorders: Evidence from a population-based longitudinal study in England

Abstract

Background: Considering the co‐morbidity of major psychiatric disorders and intelligence with smoking, to increase our understanding of why some people take up smoking or continue to smoke, while others stop smoking without progressing to nicotine dependence, we investigated the genetic propensities to psychiatric disorders and intelligence as determinants of smoking initiation, heaviness of smoking and smoking cessation in older adults from the general population. Results: One standard deviation increase in MDD-PGS was associated with increased odds of being a moderate to heavy smoker (odds ratio [OR]=1.11, SE=0.04, 95%CI=1.00-1.24, p=0.028). There were no other significant associations between SZ-PGS, BD-PGS, or IQ-PGS and smoking initiation, heaviness of smoking and smoking cessation in older adults from the general population in the UK. Conclusions: Smoking is the behaviour that does not appear to share common genetic ground with schizophrenia, bipolar disorders, and intelligence in older adults, which may suggest that it is more likely to be modifiable by smoking cessation interventions. Once started to smoke, older adults with a higher polygenic predisposition to major depressive disorders are more likely to be moderate to heavy smokers, implying that these adults may require targeted smoking cessation services.

Validation of a polygenic risk score for Frailty in the Lothian Birth Cohort and English Longitudinal Study of Ageing

“…Data preparation details can be found in supplementary materials. Prediction analyses were run using the PRSice 2 software and R studio in R version 2022.7.1.554 [32].…”