The Shape of the Superstrate

Bailey, Guy; Ross, Garry

doi:10.1075/eww.9.2.04bai

Cited by 73 publications

(4 citation statements)

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“…Yet with several exceptions (e.g. Brooks 1972, Harris 1984, Rickford 1986, Bailey and Ross 1988, the literature has for the most part been silent on the possible role of Southwestern British English in the development of New World Englishes. The following sections outline some of the major phonological and morphosyntactic…”

Section: Irish English In Newfoundlandmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Jankowski

Tagliamonte

2019

EWW

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The English words for daily meals constitute a complex lexical variable conditioned by social and linguistic factors. Comparative sociolinguistic analysis of 884 speakers from more than a dozen locations in Ontario, Canada reveals a synchronic system with social correlates that are reflexes of the British and American founder populations of the province. Toronto and Loyalist settlements in southern Ontario use the highest rates of dinner while northerners with European and Scots-Irish roots use supper. Dinner is taking over as the dominant form among younger speakers, exposing a cascade pattern (Trudgill 1972; Labov 2007) that is consistent with sociolinguistic typology (Trudgill 2011).

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Section: Irish English In Newfoundlandmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Jankowski

Tagliamonte

2019

EWW

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“…As Bailey and Ross (1988) suggest, and despite the lack of scholarship, Ship English was likely to have been a significant input variety in the Anglophone port societies and settlements of the Caribbean and North America. Such claims, albeit controversial, have gained momentum in recent decades with Mufwene's (1996) proposed Founder Principle that promotes the languages of founder populations in determining which specific features received selective advantage in creole formation processes.…”

Section: Acta Linguistica Hafniensia 153mentioning

confidence: 99%

Pirate English of the Caribbean and Atlantic trade routes in the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries: Linguistic hypotheses based on socio-historical data

Delgado¹

2013

Acta Linguistica Hafniensia

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Pirate English has been academically overlooked and historically marginalized since its inception in the seventeenth century. Yet it was a formative variety in port settlements of the Caribbean, Europe, West Africa and the Americas and likely to have influenced creoles and dialects of littoral regions. However, there is little reliable data on which to base a diachronic analysis due to the nature of the outlaw speech community that was mostly illiterate. Given the difficulty of compiling empirical data for analysis, this paper applies a model that uses sociolinguistic and socio-historical data in order to determine hypothetical linguistic features in contact-induced dialect formation. Resulting hypotheses about the nature of Pirate English include maximal variability in the early stages a high-representation of male forms significant borrowing from non-prestigious English varieties and input from multiple adstrates of equal prestige. Findings also indicate the apparent emergence of Pirate English in the early eighteenth century through contact between young, male maritime workers and settlers in port societies that was seemingly followed by a period of intense leveling and unnatural transmission in extended communication networks.

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“…Lass (1999:166) noted that -s with third plural subjects was common in the sixteenth and seventeenth centuries and persisted into the eighteenth century as a minority form in variation with the verb stem. Bailey and Ross (1988) surveyed the language of British ships' logs and the papers of the Royal African Company from the sixteenth to the eighteenth century, though the earliest examples they cited of the NP0PRO constraint are dated 1661. Bailey and Ross (1988) surveyed the language of British ships' logs and the papers of the Royal African Company from the sixteenth to the eighteenth century, though the earliest examples they cited of the NP0PRO constraint are dated 1661.…”

Section: Geographical Distribution In Late Middle and Early Modern Enmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Northern Subject Rule in Ulster: How Scots, how English?

McCafferty

2003

Lang. Var. Change

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In diffusionist accounts of the Northern Subject Rule (NSR), this subject-verb concord system spread from Scotland via Ulster to North America and elsewhere. Thus, the NSR in Mid-Ulster English dialects of districts originally settled from England is attributed to diffusion from Ulster-Scots. But the NSR was also a feature of dialects of the North and North Midlands, the regions that contributed most of the English settlers to the Ulster Plantation. Since English and Scottish settlement patterns established in the seventeenth century have been reflected in Ulster dialect boundaries since then, the founder principle provides an alternative account of the persistence of the NSR in Northern Irish English. Usage in nineteenth-century emigrant letters indicates that the NSR was as strong in English-influenced dialects of Mid-Ulster as in Ulster-Scots and suggests that the NSR in Ulster may be a direct import from England as well as Scotland. and Ireland. Areas settled mainly by Scots, Ulster-Scots from the North of Ireland (often Scotch-Irish in American usage), and English still differ in dialect lexicon and features of phonology, morphology, and syntax in ways that can be traced back to their regional roots across the Atlantic (see, e.g., Wolfram & Schilling-Estes, 1998:102-107). As shown in the map in Figure 1, the boundaries between the major varieties of Northern Irish English (NIE) reflect the linguistic influence of English and Scottish founder populations, in that relatively English (Mid-Ulster) and Scottish (Ulster-Scots) dialects are found in parts of the province settled in the seventeenth century from England and Scotland, respectively (Barry

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The Shape of the Superstrate

Cited by 73 publications

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Pirate English of the Caribbean and Atlantic trade routes in the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries: Linguistic hypotheses based on socio-historical data

The Northern Subject Rule in Ulster: How Scots, how English?

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