The Shanghai Jewish Refugees: History and Commemoration

Xia, Yun; Ostoyich, Kevin

doi:10.1007/978-3-031-13761-7_10

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2023

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“…Second, the treaty ports are usually regarded as a tool of western powers to depredate Chinese economy (Qi, 1930, p. 189; Xia, 1982, p. 610). Western scholars also recognise that treaty ports were the beachhead of western powers to invade the Chinese economy (Nield, 2010, p. 13), and that the treaty‐port system failed to push China to realise modernization (Murphey, 1970).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The heritages of forced opening: The treaty‐port history and institutions in modern China

Liu,

Zhang

2023

Asia‐Pacific Economic History Review

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Treaty ports attracted most of colonial China's foreign enterprise and introduced western institutions that would shape property rights and the judicial system. Political change and economic reconstruction after 1949 depressed this tradition, but its effects lingered and became more active after reform and opening. Using cross‐sectional data for cities combining the treaty‐port history and the investment climate, we document the impact of this heritage on the institutional quality and economic development of modern China.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%