The shallow magma chamber of Stromboli Volcano (Italy)

Patané, Domenico; Barberi, G.; Gori, Pasquale De; Cocina, O.; Zuccarello, Luciano; García-Yeguas, Araceli; Castellano, M.; D’Alessandro, Antonino; Sgroi, Tiziana

doi:10.1002/2017gl073008

Cited by 29 publications

(27 citation statements)

References 35 publications

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“…In the last two decades, both petrological studies and geophysical investigations (Métrich et al 2010;Patanè et al 2017) suggest that the present Stromboli feeding system is polybaric extending down to about 10 km in depth, with multiple small storage horizons and an upper portion permanently filled by HP magma.…”

Section: Geological and Volcanological Frameworkmentioning

confidence: 99%

The summer 2019 basaltic Vulcanian eruptions (paroxysms) of Stromboli

Giordano

Astis

2020

Bull Volcanol

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Stromboli is an active, open conduit mafic volcano, whose persistent mild Strombolian activity is occasionally punctuated by much stronger explosions, known as paroxysms. During summer 2019, the volcano unexpectedly produced one such paroxysm on July 3, followed by intense explosive and intermittent effusive activity culminating in a second paroxysm on August 28. Visual observations and the analysis of the fall deposits associated with the two paroxysms allowed us to reconstruct ballistic exit velocities of up to 160 m s−1. Plume heights of ~ 8.4 km and 6.4 km estimated for the two events correspond to mass eruption rates of 1.1 × 106 kg s−1 and 3.6 × 105 kg s−1, respectively. This is certainly an underestimate as directional pyroclastic flows into which mass was partitioned immediately formed, triggering small tsunamis at the sea entrance. The mass of ballistic spatters and blocks erupted during the July 3 event formed a continuous cover at the summit of the volcano, with a mass calculated at ~ 1.4 × 108 kg. The distribution of fall deposits of both the July 3 and August 28 events suggests that pyroclasts characterized by terminal fall velocities < 10–20 m s−1 remained fully suspended within the convective region of the plume and did not fall at distances closer than ca 1700 m to the vent. Based on the impulsive, blast-like phenomenology of paroxysms as well as the deposit distribution and type, paroxysms are classified as basaltic Vulcanian in style. The evolution of the summer 2019 eruptive events was not properly captured within the framework of the alert level system which is focused on tsunamigenic processes, and this is discussed so as to provide elements for the implementation of the reference scenarios and an upgrade of the system to take into account such events. In particular we find that, although still largely unpredictable, at least at operational time scales, and not necessarily tsunamigenic, Vulcanian eruptions and the subsequent evolution of the eruptive phenomena should be considered for the alert level system. This serves as a warning to the implementation of alert systems where the unexpected needs to be taken into account, even at systems that are believed to be relatively “predictable” as is the case at many persistently active, open vent mafic systems.

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Section: Geological and Volcanological Frameworkmentioning

confidence: 99%

The summer 2019 basaltic Vulcanian eruptions (paroxysms) of Stromboli

Giordano

Astis

2020

Bull Volcanol

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“…three-dimensional magma storage regions with scales ranging from the upper few kilometers to the whole crust [15][16][17][18][19] . While there is promise for reliable local seismic tomography with modest numbers of instruments, these studies are still limited in their ability to image the full TCMS by the availability of local seismicity at mid-to-lower crustal depths [20][21][22] .…”

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confidence: 99%

Aseismic mid-crustal magma reservoir at Cleveland Volcano imaged through novel receiver function analyses

Janiszewski

Wagner

Roman

2020

Sci Rep

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processes related to eruptions at arc volcanoes are linked by structures that transect the entire crust. Imaging the mid-to lower-crustal portions (here, ~5-15 km and >15 km respectively) of these magmatic systems where intermediate storage may occur has been a longstanding challenge. Tomography, local seismic source studies, geodetic, and geochemical constraints, are typically most sensitive to shallow (<5 km) storage and/or have insufficient resolution at these depths. Geophysical methods are even further limited at frequently-erupting volcanoes where well-developed trans-crustal magmatic systems are likely to exist, due to a lack of deep seismicity. Here we show direct evidence for mid-crustal magma storage beneath the frequently erupting Cleveland volcano, Alaska, using a novel application of seismic receiver functions. We use p-s scattered waves from the Moho as virtual sources to investigate S-wave velocities between the Moho and the surface. our forward modeling approach allows us to provide direct constraints on the geometry of low velocity regions beneath volcanoes despite having a comparatively sparse seismic network. our results show clear evidence of mid-crustal magma storage beneath the depths of located volcanic seismicity. future work using similar approaches will enable an unprecedented comparative examination of magmatic systems beneath sparsely instrumented volcanoes globally. Recent research on trans-crustal magmatic systems (TCMS) demonstrates the importance of relationships between temporally longer-lived zones of crystals, melt, and volatiles ("mush") that extend throughout the crust, and comparatively ephemeral and depth-restricted magma reservoirs comprised primarily of eruptible melt 1 in driving volcanic eruptions. A longstanding barrier to understanding these systems is the challenge of imaging the mid-to lower-crustal portions of TCMS 1,2. Commonly-used approaches for detecting crustal magma reservoirs include analyses of volcanic seismicity, analyses of geodetic observations, and geochemical and petrological analyses of eruption products. Volcanic seismicity is linked to differential strain and pressure transfers related to magma and volatile movement in the crust and can either be similar to tectonic earthquakes (volcano-tectonic or VT events) or have primarily long period energy (LP events) 3-7. Similarly, geodetic methods constrain locations of magma storage by measuring deformation associated with magma emplacement and movement within the crust, and are typically most sensitive to shallow magma storage regions 8-10. Both methods are most sensitive to the results of magma movement; therefore, the absence of seismicity or geodetic deformation at volcanoes cannot be interpreted as the absence of stable magmatic (or mush) storage regions, limiting the ability of these techniques to provide information on comparatively stable volcanic systems. Geochemical and petrological approaches for assessing magma storage depths are most sensitive to the region of last storage in the crust prior t...

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“…This interpretation suggests a strong control of the crater area structure and the Sciara del Fuoco slope on the volcanic dynamics of Stromboli Island. Studies, based on electrical resistivity and self-potential measurements 53,54 , on gravity data 39 aeromagnetic surveys 55 and on seismic tomography 56 have been carried out to gain insights into the structure of Stromboli edifice. In particular 53 , conducted combined measurements of electrical resistivity, self-potential, CO 2 and temperature to study the shallow hydrothermal system of the Stromboli volcano.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

First muography of Stromboli volcano

Tioukov

Alexandrov

Bozza

et al. 2019

Sci Rep

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Muography consists in observing the differential absorption of muons – elementary particles produced through cosmic-ray interactions in the Earth atmosphere – going through the volcano and can attain a spatial resolution of tens of meters. We present here the first experiment of nuclear emulsion muography at the Stromboli volcano. Muons have been recorded during a period of five months by a detector of 0.96 m 2 area. The emulsion films were prepared at the Gran Sasso underground laboratory and were analyzed at Napoli, Salerno and Tokyo scanning laboratories. Our results highlight a significant low-density zone at the summit of the volcano with density contrast of 30–40% with respect to bedrock. The structural setting of this part of the volcanic edifice controls the eruptive dynamics and the stability of the “Sciara del Fuoco” slope, which is affected by recurrent tsunamigenic landslides. Periodical imaging of the summit of the Stromboli volcano such as that provided by muography can become a useful method for studying the evolution of the internal structure of the volcanic edifice.

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The shallow magma chamber of Stromboli Volcano (Italy)

Cited by 29 publications

References 35 publications

The summer 2019 basaltic Vulcanian eruptions (paroxysms) of Stromboli

The summer 2019 basaltic Vulcanian eruptions (paroxysms) of Stromboli

Aseismic mid-crustal magma reservoir at Cleveland Volcano imaged through novel receiver function analyses

First muography of Stromboli volcano

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