The sexual selection paradigm: have we overlooked other mechanisms in the evolution of male ornaments?

Candolin, Ulrika; Tukiainen, Iina

doi:10.1098/rspb.2015.1987

Cited by 22 publications

(12 citation statements)

References 33 publications

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“…). Previous work on other stickleback populations showed that males with redder throats are preferred by females (Bakker & Mundwiler ), more dominant (Bakker & Milinski ), more successful in defending territory and offspring (Candolin & Tukiainen ) and in a better condition (Milinski & Bakker ; Boughman ). However, sexual selection on throat colour has also been shown to be divergent between some populations and ecotypes, mainly depending on divergent visual environments (McKinnon & Rundle ).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Genomic landscape of early ecological speciation initiated by selection on nuptial colour

et al. 2016

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Ecological speciation is the evolution of reproductive isolation as a consequence of direct divergent natural selection or ecologically mediated divergent sexual selection. While the genomic signature of the former has been extensively studied in recent years, only few examples exist for genomic differentiation where environment-dependent sexual selection has played an important role. Here, we describe a very young (~90 years old) population of threespine sticklebacks exhibiting phenotypic and genomic differentiation between two habitats within the same pond. We show that differentiation among habitats is limited to male throat colour and nest type, traits known to be subject to sexual selection. Divergence in these traits mirrors divergence in much older benthic and limnetic stickleback species pairs from North American west coast lakes, which also occur in sympatry but are strongly reproductively isolated from each other. We demonstrate that in our population, differences in throat colour and breeding have been stable over a decade, but in contrast to North American benthic and limnetic stickleback species, these mating trait differences are not accompanied by divergence in morphology related to feeding, predator defence or swimming performance. Using genomewide SNP data, we find multiple genomic islands with moderate differentiation spread across several chromosomes, whereas the rest of the genome is undifferentiated. The islands contain potential candidate genes involved in visual perception of colour. Our results suggest that phenotypic and multichromosome genomic divergence of these morphs was driven by environment-dependent sexual selection, demonstrating incipient speciation after only a few decades of divergence in sympatry.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Genomic landscape of early ecological speciation initiated by selection on nuptial colour

et al. 2016

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“…their red throat) and body condition as proxies of their investment in reproduction and self-maintenance. The reproductive success of male sticklebacks depends on the expression of red coloration through improved mating success, nest defence and offspring survival (Candolin 1999a;Candolin & Tukiainen 2015). Male sticklebacks change their investment in reproduction over the season, or in response to changes in the level of male-male competition, by simultaneously adjusting the expression of red coloration and the level of courtship, territoriality and parental care (Candolin 2000;Lindstr€ om et al 2009;Kim & Velando 2014).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A benign juvenile environment reduces the strength of antagonistic pleiotropy and genetic variation in the rate of senescence

Kim

Metcalfe

Velando

2015

Journal of Animal Ecology

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Summary The environment can play an important role in the evolution of senescence because the optimal allocation between somatic maintenance and reproduction depends on external factors influencing life expectancy.The aims of this study were to experimentally test whether environmental conditions during early life can shape senescence schedules, and if so, to examine whether variation among individuals or genotypes with respect to the degree of ageing differs across environments.We tested life‐history plasticity and quantified genetic effects on the pattern of senescence across different environments within a reaction norm framework by using an experiment on the three‐spined stickleback (Gasterosteus aculeatus, Linnaeus) in which F1 families originating from a wild annual population experienced different temperature regimes.Male sticklebacks that had experienced a more benign environment earlier in life subsequently reduced their investment in carotenoid‐based sexual signals early in the breeding season, and consequently senesced at a slower rate later in the season, compared to those that had developed under harsher conditions. This plasticity of ageing was genetically determined. Both antagonistic pleiotropy and genetic variation in the rate of senescence were evident only in the individuals raised in the harsher environment.The experimental demonstration of genotype‐by‐environment interactions influencing the rate of reproductive senescence provides interesting insights into the role of the environment in the evolution of life histories. The results suggest that benign conditions weaken the scope for senescence to evolve and that the dependence on the environment may maintain genetic variation under selection.

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“…Interestingly, other studies on male G. aculeatus have shown that PRL increases during paternal care behaviours, but decrease during courtship (Slijkhuis et al, ; Páll et al, ). Males of G. aculeatus present most red colouration during parental care and the red colour is positively correlated with nest retention and hatching success, but not always with female attraction (Candolin & Tukiainen, ).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…). The red jaw colour is associated with higher offspring survival and disease resistance, thus providing a fitness indicator to choosy females (Barber et al ., ; Candolin & Tukiainen, ). While the red jaw colouration has received more attention (Malek et al, ), the blue eye colouration was recently shown to be important to attract females too (Flamarique et al, ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Both characteristics have adjustable colouration that rapidly increases or decreases in intensity within a few days during mating behaviour and are most intense during courtship (McLennan & McPhail, ). The red colour also peaks during parenting (Candolin & Tukiainen, ). Moreover, the intensity of the ornamental colouration fades within minutes when fish are handled in the field (H. Sköld, pers.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Regulation of eye and jaw colouration in three‐spined sticklebackGasterosteus aculeatus

Franco‐Belussi

Oliveira

Sköld

2018

Journal of Fish Biology

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Fish can change their skin and eye colour for background matching and signalling. Males of Gasterosteus aculeatus develop ornamental blue eyes and a red jaw during the reproductive season, colours that are further enhanced during courtship. Here, the effects of different hormones on physiological colour changes in the eyes and jaws of male and female G. aculeatus were investigated in vitro. In an in vivo experiment, G. aculeatus were injected with a receptor blocker of a pivotal hormone (noradrenaline) that controls colour change. In males, noradrenaline had aggregating effects on melanophore and erythrophore pigments resulting in blue eyes and a pale jaw, whereas melanocyte-concentrating hormone (MCH) and melatonin resulted in a pale jaw only. When noradrenalin was combined with melanocyte stimulating hormone (MSH) or prolactin, the jaw became red, while the eyes remained blue. In vivo injection of yohimbine, an alpha-2 adrenoreceptor blocker, resulted in dispersion of melanophore pigment in the eyes and inhibited the blue colouration. Altogether, the data suggest that noradrenalin has a pivotal role in the short-term enhancement of the ornamental colouration of male G. aculeatus, potentially together with MSH or prolactin. This study also found a sex difference in the response to MCH, prolactin and melatonin, which may result from different appearance strategies in males, versus the more cryptic females.

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The sexual selection paradigm: have we overlooked other mechanisms in the evolution of male ornaments?

Cited by 22 publications

References 33 publications

Genomic landscape of early ecological speciation initiated by selection on nuptial colour

Genomic landscape of early ecological speciation initiated by selection on nuptial colour

A benign juvenile environment reduces the strength of antagonistic pleiotropy and genetic variation in the rate of senescence

Regulation of eye and jaw colouration in three‐spined sticklebackGasterosteus aculeatus

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