The Severity of COVID 19 Pneumonia in Vaccinated vs. Non-vaccinated Patients in the Second Wave: An Experience From a Tertiary Care Center in India

Bajpai, Jyoti; Kant, Surya; Verma, Ajay; Patwa, Ajay Kumar; Atam, Virendra; Chaudhary, Shyam Chand; Pandey, Anuj Kumar

doi:10.7759/cureus.25378

Cited by 5 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 22 publications

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“…In this study, we describe frequency, duration, and concentration of SARS-CoV-2, PMMoV, and mtDNA shedding in fecal specimens from inpatient and outpatient study subjects with COVID-19 over a 42 day period after the confirmation of SARS-CoV-2 infection. Consistent with other reports (24–26), study subjects who had been vaccinated but had breakthrough infections were less likely to exhibit some clinical symptoms, such as cough, diarrhea, fever, loss of smell, loss of taste, and shortness of breath, compared to unvaccinated study subjects. Inpatient participants were more likely to be shedding SARS-CoV-2 RNA in their fecal specimens and had higher concentrations of the virus in their stool compared to outpatient participants.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 90%

Longitudinal Fecal Shedding of SARS-CoV-2, Pepper Mild Mottle Virus, and Human Mitochondrial DNA in COVID-19 Patients

Liu,

Sablon,

Wang

et al. 2024

Preprint

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Since the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, wastewater-based epidemiology (WBE) has been widely applied in many countries and regions for monitoring COVID-19 transmission in the population through testing severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) in wastewater. However, the lack of dynamic level of viral shedding in the wastewater and accurate number of infections in the community creates challenges in predicting COVID-19 prevalence in the population and interpreting WBE results. In this study, we measured SARS-CoV-2, pepper mild mottle virus (PMMoV), and human mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) in longitudinal fecal samples collected from 42 COVID-19 patients for up to 42 days after diagnosis. SARS-CoV-2 RNA was detected in 73.1% (19/26) of inpatient study participants in at least one of the collected fecal specimens during the sampling period. Most participants shed the virus within three weeks after diagnosis, but five inpatient participants still shed the virus between 20 and 60 days after diagnosis. The median concentration of SARS-CoV-2 in positive fecal samples was 1.08x105 genome copies (GC)/gram dry fecal material. PMMoV and mtDNA were detected in 99.4% (154/155) and 100% (155/155) of all fecal samples, respectively. The median concentrations of PMMoV RNA and mtDNA in fecal samples were 1.73x107 and 2.49x108 GC/dry gram, respectively. These results provide important information about the dynamics of fecal shedding of SARS-CoV-2 and two human fecal indicators in COVID-19 patients. mtDNA showed higher positive rates, higher concentrations, and less variability between and within individuals than PMMoV, suggesting that mtDNA could be a better normalization factor for WBE results than PMMoV.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 90%

Longitudinal Fecal Shedding of SARS-CoV-2, Pepper Mild Mottle Virus, and Human Mitochondrial DNA in COVID-19 Patients

Liu,

Sablon,

Wang

et al. 2024

Preprint

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“…In a previous study, comparison of symptomatology between vaccinated and unvaccinated cohorts in hospitalised patients showed more severe symptoms in unvaccinated [20]. The first community based COVID-19 vaccine studies in Israel showed that majority of vaccinated population were asymptomatic and needed less hospitalisation [21].…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 90%

Effect of vaccination on clinical outcomes in COVID-19 positive chronic kidney disease patients on haemodialysis

Naseem¹,

Jyothi²,

Ibrahim³

et al. 2023

J Med sci Res.

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Introduction: Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) resulted in high mortality worldwide, with significantly higher mortality among patients with comorbidities including chronic kidney disease (CKD). Vaccines were developed against COVID-19 and it was given emergency approval because of the associated high mortality. There are only few studies on the efficacy of vaccine in CKD patients on haemodialysis. Effect of vaccination on clinical outcomes in COVID-19 positive CKD patients on haemodialysis was studied. Materials and methods: In this retrospective study on CKD patients on haemodialysis with confirmed COVID-19 infection, comparison was done on the clinical outcomes between the vaccinated and unvaccinated population. Results: Of the 104 patients, 74 patients were vaccinated against COVID-19 and 30 were unvaccinated. The study population received either covishield (50) or covaxin (24) which were the approved vaccines in India at that time. Among the vaccinated group 15 (20%) needed invasive mechanical ventilation and 16 (53%) in the unvaccinated group (P value 0.001). There were 16 (22%) deaths in the vaccinated group and 15 (50%) in the unvaccinated group with a significantly higher mortality in the unvaccinated group (P value 0.005). 11 (21%) patients on covishiled and 4 (18%) on covaxin needed invasive mechanical ventilation and there were 12 (24%) deaths in the covishield group and 4 (18%) in covaxin group. Conclusion: Severity of disease and mortality is less in vaccinated CKD patients on haemodialysis compared to unvaccinated reiterating the importance of vaccination against COVID-19 in high risk patients.

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“…Bajpai et al found 43.7% were aged above 60 years, 26% of the vaccinated group experienced severe illness compared to 71.5% in the unvaccinated group. The allcause 30-day mortality in the non-vaccinated population was higher than that in the vaccinated population 16 Singh et al showed that the severity of the disease was 30.3%, 51.3%, 54.1% among fully, partially vaccinated and unvaccinated individuals.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Few studies were available on the incidence of COVID-19 infection after vaccination among general population. 8 Therefore, it was essential to analyse the severity of the disease and patient outcomes among the vaccinated and unvaccinated patients. Most of the COVID-19 suspect cases during the third wave were referred to this tertiary care COVID-19 hospital in Raigad District.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

COVID-19 vaccination: disease status and outcomes of COVID-19 patients admitted in tertiary care hospital in Raigad District of Maharashtra

Pedhambkar,

Salgotra,

Bhusare

2024

Int J Community Med Public Health

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Background: COVID-19 pandemic had witnessed serious infections and deaths during third wave of the pandemic. This study was designed to analyse the association between severity of disease and patient outcomes with vaccination status of COVID-19 patients. Methods: Retrospective record-based study was conducted among 258 COVID-19 patients from August 2021 to January 2022, during the third wave of the pandemic in a tertiary care hospital. Results: Out of the 258 patients, 42% patients were above 60 years of age 19% were in the age group of 18-30 years. 58% male and 42% female patients. Overall, 50% and 36% patients above 40 years had severe and moderate disease respectively. 52% had mild disease in age group of 18-30 years and this was statistically significant with Chi-square value of 38.85 and p<0.05. 36%, 36% and 28% vaccinated patients had severe, moderate and mild disease respectively. 38%, 40% and 23% unvaccinated patients had severe, moderate and mild disease respectively. The mortality rate was 25%, 32% and 50% among vaccinated, unvaccinated and unknown vaccination status respectively. The mortality rate was 44% in those above 60 years. The survival rates were 90% in patients below 40 years. This difference was statistically significant with Chi-square value of 32.16, p<0.005. The mortality rate was 61%, 16% and 2% with severe, moderate and mild disease respectively. Conclusions: The severity and mortality rate was less in vaccinated patients. This shows that vaccination might be effective in reducing the severity of disease and deaths among COVID-19 patients.

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The Severity of COVID 19 Pneumonia in Vaccinated vs. Non-vaccinated Patients in the Second Wave: An Experience From a Tertiary Care Center in India

Cited by 5 publications

References 22 publications

Longitudinal Fecal Shedding of SARS-CoV-2, Pepper Mild Mottle Virus, and Human Mitochondrial DNA in COVID-19 Patients

Longitudinal Fecal Shedding of SARS-CoV-2, Pepper Mild Mottle Virus, and Human Mitochondrial DNA in COVID-19 Patients

Effect of vaccination on clinical outcomes in COVID-19 positive chronic kidney disease patients on haemodialysis

COVID-19 vaccination: disease status and outcomes of COVID-19 patients admitted in tertiary care hospital in Raigad District of Maharashtra

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