The Seven Sisters Hydrothermal System: First Record of Shallow Hybrid Mineralization Hosted in Mafic Volcaniclasts on the Arctic Mid-Ocean Ridge

Marques, Ana Filipa A.; Roerdink, Desiree L.; Baumberger, Tamara; Ronde, C. E. J. de; Ditchburn, R.G.; Denny, Alden R.; Thorseth, Ingunn H.; Økland, I.; Lilley, Marvin D.; Whitehouse, Martin J.; Pedersen, Rolf B.

doi:10.3390/min10050439

Cited by 8 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 130 publications

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“…Since the hydrothermal vents took into analysis in this study were only the ones found below 200 meters depth, in case we found updated depth record of fields or sites, we changed the dataset accordingly. For example, the field named Seven Sisters was removed after finding new reference of its depth at 130 m 90 .…”

Section: Active Hydrothermal Ventsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Towards a global strategy for the conservation of deep-sea active hydrothermal vents

Menini,

Calado,

Danovaro

et al. 2023

npj Ocean Sustain

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Deep-sea active hydrothermal vents are globally diverse, vulnerable, rare, remote, and isolated habitats, yet they face increasing threats from human activities, including deep-sea mining. To address the conservation challenges surrounding these habitats, we present a global assessment of the conservation status of deep-sea active vents. Our findings reveal that while 25% of the known deep active hydrothermal vents are currently under conservation interventions, only 8% benefit of full protection. These conservation interventions, consisting of area-based and regulation-based management measures, are implemented by 17 Sovereign States, three Regional Fisheries Management Organizations and one international treaty through 30 discrete interventions. However, our assessment and comparison of the specific measures for the 155 managed active hydrothermal vents reveal that the current conservation remain fragmented and discordant across jurisdictions and biogeographical provinces, resulting in overall insufficient protection, especially in Areas Beyond National Jurisdiction. Seizing the current momentum for ocean conservation, it is crucial to harmonize the management and protection of active deep-sea vents worldwide, taking into account their global biogeographic context and spatial distribution. This requires aligning current international initiatives that could improve baseline policies for the global protection of deep-sea hydrothermal vents.

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Section: Active Hydrothermal Ventsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Towards a global strategy for the conservation of deep-sea active hydrothermal vents

Menini,

Calado,

Danovaro

et al. 2023

npj Ocean Sustain

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“…Several high-temperature hydrothermal vent fields are located on the AMOR (Pedersen et al, 2010b;Pedersen and Bjerkgård, 2016), of which we focus on three in this study: Seven Sisters, Jan Mayen and Loki's Castle (Table 1). Seven Sisters is a shallow hydrothermal vent field (120 m depth) that occurs in mafic volcaniclastic rocks on top of a flat-topped volcano on the Kolbeinsey Ridge (Marques et al, 2020). Fluids of up to 200°C vent from barite and anhydrite-rich structures and are low in metals, CH 4 and H 2 (Marques et al, 2020) (Table 1).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Seven Sisters is a shallow hydrothermal vent field (120 m depth) that occurs in mafic volcaniclastic rocks on top of a flat-topped volcano on the Kolbeinsey Ridge (Marques et al, 2020). Fluids of up to 200°C vent from barite and anhydrite-rich structures and are low in metals, CH 4 and H 2 (Marques et al, 2020) (Table 1). The Jan Mayen vent fields are situated on the southern Mohns Ridge at a depth of 550-700 meters (Pedersen et al, 2005), and consist of the Troll Wall, Soria Moria and Perle & Bruse venting areas.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Hydrothermal activity fuels microbial sulfate reduction in deep and distal marine settings along the Arctic Mid Ocean Ridges

Roerdink,

Vulcano,

Landro

et al. 2024

Front. Mar. Sci.

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Microbial sulfate reduction is generally limited in the deep sea compared to shallower marine environments, but cold seeps and hydrothermal systems are considered an exception. Here, we report sulfate reduction rates and geochemical data from marine sediments and hydrothermal vent fields along the Arctic Mid Ocean Ridges (AMOR), to assess the significance of basalt-hosted hydrothermal activity on sulfate reduction in a distal deep marine setting. We find that cored marine sediments do not display evidence for sulfate reduction, apart from low rates in sediments from the Knipovich Ridge. This likely reflects the overall limited availability of reactive organic matter and low sedimentation rates along the AMOR, except for areas in the vicinity of Svalbard and Bear Island. In contrast, hydrothermal samples from the Seven Sisters, Jan Mayen and Loki’s Castle vent fields all demonstrate active microbial sulfate reduction. Rates increase from a few 10s to 100s of pmol SO42- cm-3 d-1 in active high-temperature hydrothermal chimneys, to 10s of nmol SO42- cm-3 d-1 in low-temperature barite chimneys and up to 110 nmol cm-3 d-1 in diffuse venting hydrothermal sediments in the Barite field at Loki’s Castle. Pore fluid and sediment geochemical data suggest that these high rates are sustained by organic compounds from microbial mats and vent fauna as well as methane supplied by high-temperature hydrothermal fluids. However, significant variation was observed between replicate hydrothermal samples and observation of high rates in seemingly inactive barite chimneys suggests that other electron donors may be important as well. Sediment sulfur isotope signatures concur with measured rates in the Barite field and indicate that microbial sulfate reduction has occurred in the hydrothermal sediments since the recent geological past. Our findings indicate that basalt-hosted vent fields provide sufficient electron donors to support microbial sulfate reduction in high- and low-temperature hydrothermal areas in settings that otherwise show very low sulfate reduction rates.

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“…In this work, we report the first study of a temperate phage infecting H. thermotrophus: a free-living, Gram-negative, moderately thermophilic bacterium isolated from a microbial mat collected from the Seven Sisters hydrothermal vent field located on the Arctic Mid-Ocean Ridge [ 55 , 56 ]. Within the phylum Fusobacteria, Hypnocyclicus thermotrophus IR-2 T (=DSM 100055 =JCM 30901) is listed as the current type strain of the genus Hypnocyclicus .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Exploring Codon Adjustment Strategies towards Escherichia coli-Based Production of Viral Proteins Encoded by HTH1, a Novel Prophage of the Marine Bacterium Hypnocyclicus thermotrophus

Arsin

Jasilionis

Dahle

et al. 2021

Viruses

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Marine viral sequence space is immense and presents a promising resource for the discovery of new enzymes interesting for research and biotechnology. However, bottlenecks in the functional annotation of viral genes and soluble heterologous production of proteins hinder access to downstream characterization, subsequently impeding the discovery process. While commonly utilized for the heterologous expression of prokaryotic genes, codon adjustment approaches have not been fully explored for viral genes. Herein, the sequence-based identification of a putative prophage is reported from within the genome of Hypnocyclicus thermotrophus, a Gram-negative, moderately thermophilic bacterium isolated from the Seven Sisters hydrothermal vent field. A prophage-associated gene cluster, consisting of 46 protein coding genes, was identified and given the proposed name Hypnocyclicus thermotrophus phage H1 (HTH1). HTH1 was taxonomically assigned to the viral family Siphoviridae, by lowest common ancestor analysis of its genome and phylogeny analyses based on proteins predicted as holin and DNA polymerase. The gene neighbourhood around the HTH1 lytic cassette was found most similar to viruses infecting Gram-positive bacteria. In the HTH1 lytic cassette, an N-acetylmuramoyl-L-alanine amidase (Amidase_2) with a peptidoglycan binding motif (LysM) was identified. A total of nine genes coding for enzymes putatively related to lysis, nucleic acid modification and of unknown function were subjected to heterologous expression in Escherichia coli. Codon optimization and codon harmonization approaches were applied in parallel to compare their effects on produced proteins. Comparison of protein yields and thermostability demonstrated that codon optimization yielded higher levels of soluble protein, but codon harmonization led to proteins with higher thermostability, implying a higher folding quality. Altogether, our study suggests that both codon optimization and codon harmonization are valuable approaches for successful heterologous expression of viral genes in E. coli, but codon harmonization may be preferable in obtaining recombinant viral proteins of higher folding quality.

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The Seven Sisters Hydrothermal System: First Record of Shallow Hybrid Mineralization Hosted in Mafic Volcaniclasts on the Arctic Mid-Ocean Ridge

Cited by 8 publications

References 130 publications

Towards a global strategy for the conservation of deep-sea active hydrothermal vents

Towards a global strategy for the conservation of deep-sea active hydrothermal vents

Hydrothermal activity fuels microbial sulfate reduction in deep and distal marine settings along the Arctic Mid Ocean Ridges

Exploring Codon Adjustment Strategies towards Escherichia coli-Based Production of Viral Proteins Encoded by HTH1, a Novel Prophage of the Marine Bacterium Hypnocyclicus thermotrophus

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