The Setup Design for Selective Laser Sintering of High-Temperature Polymer Materials with the Alignment Control System of Layer Deposition

Nazarov, A. I.; Skornyakov, Innokentiy; Shishkovsky, Igor

doi:10.3390/machines6010011

Cited by 11 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 29 publications

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“…Currently, PEEK is available in the filament form for most fused deposition modeling/fused filament fabrication (FDM/FFF) machines, and there is a gradual emergence of PEEK in the powder form for SLS processes. Notably, EOS, a prominent manufacturer, has pioneered the use of selective laser sintering for printing PEEK . However, achieving high-temperature 3D printing with SLS presents challenges due to the potential leakage of extremely high temperatures beyond the model boundary, which can compromise the integrity of other powders in the build chamber.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Notably, EOS, a prominent manufacturer, has pioneered the use of selective laser sintering for printing PEEK. 39 However, achieving high-temperature 3D printing with SLS presents challenges due to the potential leakage of extremely high temperatures beyond the model boundary, which can compromise the integrity of other powders in the build chamber. Furthermore, it should be noted that high-temperature materials tend to entail higher costs in the domain of 3D printing.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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3D-Printed PEEK/Silicon Nitride Scaffolds with a Triply Periodic Minimal Surface Structure for Spinal Fusion Implants

Du,

Ronayne,

Lee

et al. 2023

ACS Appl. Bio Mater.

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The issue of spine-related disorders is a global healthcare concern that requires effective solutions to restore normal spine functioning. Spinal fusion implants have become a standard approach for this purpose, making it crucial to develop biomaterials and structures that possess high osteogenic capacities and exhibit mechanical properties and dynamic responses similar to those of the host bone. This study focused on the fabrication of 3D-printed polyether ether ketone/silicon nitride (PEEK/SiN) scaffolds with a triply periodic minimal surface (TPMS) structure, which offers several advantages, such as a large surface area and uniform stress distribution under load. The mechanical properties and dynamic response of PEEK/SiN scaffolds with varying porosities were evaluated through mechanical testing and finite element analysis. The scaffold with 30% porosity exhibited a compressive strength (34.56 ± 1.91 MPa) and elastic modulus (734 ± 64 MPa) similar to those of trabecular bone. In addition, the scaffold demonstrated favorable damping properties. The biological data revealed that incorporating silicon nitride into the PEEK scaffold stimulated osteogenic differentiation. In light of these findings, it can be inferred that PEEK/SiN TPMS scaffolds exhibit significant potential for use in bone tissue engineering and represent a promising option as candidates for spinal fusion implants.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

3D-Printed PEEK/Silicon Nitride Scaffolds with a Triply Periodic Minimal Surface Structure for Spinal Fusion Implants

Du,

Ronayne,

Lee

et al. 2023

ACS Appl. Bio Mater.

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“…With a typical glass transition temperature of 143 • C, a melting point of 343 • C [142], and thermal degradation at 575 • C [143], it can sustain high temperature exposure for extended periods. Its high melting point inspired the modification of conventional SLS systems [144], leading to the birth of high temperature (>300 • C) SLS or HT-LS [145,146].…”

Section: Polyetheretherketonementioning

confidence: 99%

Laser Sintering Approaches for Bone Tissue Engineering

et al. 2022

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The adoption of additive manufacturing (AM) techniques into the medical space has revolutionised tissue engineering. Depending upon the tissue type, specific AM approaches are capable of closely matching the physical and biological tissue attributes, to guide tissue regeneration. For hard tissue such as bone, powder bed fusion (PBF) techniques have significant potential, as they are capable of fabricating materials that can match the mechanical requirements necessary to maintain bone functionality and support regeneration. This review focuses on the PBF techniques that utilize laser sintering for creating scaffolds for bone tissue engineering (BTE) applications. Optimal scaffold requirements are explained, ranging from material biocompatibility and bioactivity, to generating specific architectures to recapitulate the porosity, interconnectivity, and mechanical properties of native human bone. The main objective of the review is to outline the most common materials processed using PBF in the context of BTE; initially outlining the most common polymers, including polyamide, polycaprolactone, polyethylene, and polyetheretherketone. Subsequent sections investigate the use of metals and ceramics in similar systems for BTE applications. The last section explores how composite materials can be used. Within each material section, the benefits and shortcomings are outlined, including their mechanical and biological performance, as well as associated printing parameters. The framework provided can be applied to the development of new, novel materials or laser-based approaches to ultimately generate bone tissue analogues or for guiding bone regeneration.

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“…This is done by gradual cooling to prevent warping of the built parts. Nitrogen gas is also pumped into the built chamber during the three processes to reduce the degradation of the material as well as to minimize oxidation [12]. Laser sintering of polymers is a high-temperature process, the heating profile of which is summarized in Figure 3.…”

Section: Overview Of the Pls Process For Polymersmentioning

confidence: 99%

A review of the techniques used to characterize laser sintering of polymeric powders for use and re-use in additive manufacturing

2021

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Additive manufacturing (AM), is one of the key components of the 4th industrial revolution. Polymer laser sintering (PLS) is a subset of AM that is commonly used to process polymers, and which achieves good surface finish, good mechanical properties of finished products and for which there is no need for support structures. However, the requirements for polymeric powder for PLS are strident. Moreover, PLS subjects polymeric feed powders to high temperatures that lead to degradation of their thermal, rheological, and physical properties and is thus an impediment to their recyclability. Therefore, it is imperative to investigate the degree of polymer degradation or aging before re-using the material. This paper reviews the common techniques that are employed to characterize the suitability of polymeric powders for use and re-use in the PLS process. These include, but are not limited to, differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), laser diffraction analysis, gas pycnometry, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and melt flow index (MFI) testing.

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The Setup Design for Selective Laser Sintering of High-Temperature Polymer Materials with the Alignment Control System of Layer Deposition

Cited by 11 publications

References 29 publications

3D-Printed PEEK/Silicon Nitride Scaffolds with a Triply Periodic Minimal Surface Structure for Spinal Fusion Implants

3D-Printed PEEK/Silicon Nitride Scaffolds with a Triply Periodic Minimal Surface Structure for Spinal Fusion Implants

Laser Sintering Approaches for Bone Tissue Engineering

A review of the techniques used to characterize laser sintering of polymeric powders for use and re-use in additive manufacturing

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