The Serum LDL/HDL Cholesterol Ratio Is Influenced More Favorably by Exchanging Saturated with Unsaturated Fat Than by Reducing Saturated Fat in the Diet of Women

Müller, Hanne; Lindman, Anja Schou; Brantsæter, Anne Lise; Pedersen, Jan I.

doi:10.1093/jn/133.1.78

Cited by 97 publications

(86 citation statements)

References 37 publications

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“…An unexpected finding was the inverse relationship between saturated fatty acid intake and HDL-cholesterol concentration. These results are contradictory to those reported in previous studies (35)(36)(37), and we found no evident explanation.…”

Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 99%

Regulation of Serum Paraoxonase Activity by Genetic, Nutritional, and Lifestyle Factors in the General Population

et al. 2003

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Background: Paraoxonase may protect lipoproteins and cell membranes from peroxidation, and alterations in the activity of this enzyme have been associated with some chronic diseases. Serum paraoxonase appears to be mainly under genetic control, but some studies suggest that environmental factors may also modulate its activity. The aim of the present study was to investigate whether diet and lifestyle affect serum paraoxonase activity. Methods:We studied a population-based sample of 388 individuals (194 women and 194 men; age range, 18 -75 years) and assessed their daily dietary intake using a 3-day estimated food record. The variables studied included serum paraoxonase activity, paraoxonase polymorphisms at positions 55 and 192, age, gender, smoking status, physical exercise, body mass index, energy consumption, nutrient intake (total lipids, saturated fatty acids, ␤-carotenes, vitamins C and E), and serum lipid concentrations. Results: Multiple linear regression analysis showed that only genetic polymorphisms, serum cholesterol, HDL-cholesterol concentrations, and cigarette smoking were significant predictors of serum paraoxonase activity. HDL-cholesterol concentrations were also related to body mass index, daily energy consumption, and saturated fatty acid intake. Conclusions:The between-individual variability of serum paraoxonase activity is regulated mainly by genetic

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Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 99%

Regulation of Serum Paraoxonase Activity by Genetic, Nutritional, and Lifestyle Factors in the General Population

et al. 2003

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“…This was confirmed by Hodson [16] and Müller [30], who observed favorable changes in the lipid profiles of participants who replaced in their diets products rich in saturated fats with products rich in unsaturated fats.…”

Section: Introductionsupporting

confidence: 61%

Dietary intake of energy and selected nutrients and plasma lipid profile in young women and men with different levels of physical activity

Malara¹,

Hϋbner-Woźniak²

2013

Biomedical Human Kinetics

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SummaryStudy aim: The purpose was to assess dietary intake of energy and selected nutrients and plasma lipid profile in young women and men with different levels of physical activity. Material and methods:The research included a total of 116 female and male students at the University of Physical Education who differed in their levels of physical activity. Analysis of the diets was based on 24-hour dietary interviews collected over 4 days prior to blood collection. Concentrations of total cholesterol (TC), HDL cholesterol (HDL-C), and triacylglycerol (TG) were measured in venous blood. In addition, the concentration of LDL cholesterol (LDL-C) and the ratios of TC / HDL-C and LDL-C/HDL-C were calculated. Results: Women, regardless of their physical activity levels, were characterized by a significantly higher concentration of total cholesterol in plasma (4.8 and 4.5 mmol/L, respectively -in training participants; 4.7 and 4.3 mmol/L, respectively -in non-training participants), although their dietary intake of cholesterol was significantly lower in comparison with the corresponding groups of men (282.0 and 484.7 mg, respectively -in training participants; 252.6 and 400.2 mg, respectively -in non-training participants). A trend toward a worse lipid profile of training women and men compared with the corresponding groups of non-training participants was also observed. Conclusions: Increased physical activity in the groups of training women and men was not a sufficient stimulus to induce positive changes in their lipid profiles. Nor can it be excluded that the observed differences were the result of diet, as dietary intake of cholesterol in the groups of training women and men was higher compared with the corresponding groups of non-training participants.

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“…To positively impact HDL‐cholesterol, researchers suggest replacing saturated fat with unsaturated fat instead of decreasing overall fat intake (Muller et al. 2003), which was not a component of our study design.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Efficacy of nutritional interventions to lower circulating ceramides in young adults: FRUVEDomic pilot study

et al. 2017

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The 2010 USDA Dietary Guidelines for Americans (DGA) recommends a diet largely composed of fruit and vegetables. Consuming a diet high in fruit and vegetables and low in refined carbohydrates and saturated fat may reduce an individual's risk for type 2 diabetes, nonalcoholic fatty liver disease, low‐grade chronic inflammation, and metabolic syndrome (MetS). Several recent studies have implicated the bioactive sphingolipid ceramide as an associative and causative biomarker for the development of these conditions. Considering that the intake of fruit and vegetables is frequently inadequate in young adults, we performed a pilot investigation to assess the efficacy of a free‐living fruit and vegetable intervention on overall metabolic health, circulating ceramide supply, and inflammatory status in young adults. We discovered that adoption of the recommended DGA for fruit and vegetable intake for 8 weeks decreased waist circumference, systolic blood pressure, and circulating cholesterol. Lipidomics analysis revealed that nutritional intervention can lower circulating ceramides, including C24:0 ceramide, a known inhibitor of insulin signaling. Unexpectedly, we observed an increase in C16:0 ceramide, suggesting that this form of ceramide in circulation is not associated with metabolic disease in humans. We also observed an improved inflammatory status with enhanced fruit and vegetable intake that was correlated with ceramide concentrations. These data suggest that adopting the recommended DGA is associated with a reduction of many, but not all, ceramide species and may help to prevent or mitigate MetS. Future research needs to assess whether the ceramide‐lowering ability of nutritional intervention is associated with reduced risk of developing metabolic disease.

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The Serum LDL/HDL Cholesterol Ratio Is Influenced More Favorably by Exchanging Saturated with Unsaturated Fat Than by Reducing Saturated Fat in the Diet of Women

Cited by 97 publications

References 37 publications

Regulation of Serum Paraoxonase Activity by Genetic, Nutritional, and Lifestyle Factors in the General Population

Regulation of Serum Paraoxonase Activity by Genetic, Nutritional, and Lifestyle Factors in the General Population

Dietary intake of energy and selected nutrients and plasma lipid profile in young women and men with different levels of physical activity

Efficacy of nutritional interventions to lower circulating ceramides in young adults: FRUVEDomic pilot study

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