The seroprevalence of human brucellosis in different age groups patients and other associated risk factors in Duhok, Iraq

Assafi, Mahde Saleh; Allu, Muslim A; Abdulrahman, Ibtesam Salih; Al-Berfkani, Mohammad Ismail

doi:10.15649/2346075x.479

Cited by 10 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 22 publications

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“…A study conducted in the same hospital (Rizgari Hospital at Erbil) in 2012 reported a 10.7% prevalence which is close to the present study [22]. A slightly higher prevalence was found in another study conducted in Azadi general hospital in Duhok-Kurdistan, Iraq in 2017 with a seroprevalence rate of 17.8% [23]. Both studies were carried out among suspected patients of brucellosis using the RBT test.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 85%

Epidemiological study of human brucellosis among febrile patients in Erbil-Kurdistan region, Iraq

Almashhadany

Zefenkey

Odhah

2022

J Infect Dev Ctries

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Introduction: Human brucellosis is one of the most common zoonosis infections, with an important impact on the health and economy worldwide. This study aimed to update and provide epidemiological information on this infection and evaluate Rose Bengal Test, which is used as an essential diagnostic test for brucellosis in Erbil. Methodology: A total of 325 participants seeking care and reporting fever at Rizgary Teaching Hospital were enrolled. Blood samples were tested for Brucella spp. antibodies using Rose Bengal Test and blood culture followed by species identification. A questionnaire was administered to detect the risk factors. Results: The prevalence of probable and confirmed brucellosis was 12.3% (95% CI 9.2–16.3) and 9.5% (95% CI 6.8–13.2) respectively. The majority of cases were in the age group of 18-39 years. Brucellosis was significantly associated with raw milk consumption (OR = 10.3 95% CI 5-22.4) and contact with livestock (OR = 11.5 95% CI 5.6-23.9). Brucella melitensis (58.1%) and Brucella abortus (41.9%) are the dominant species in the area. The sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, and negative predictive value of the Rose Bengal Test in comparison to the blood culture were 100%, 96.9%, 77.5 %, and 100% respectively. Conclusions: Brucellosis is a significant cause of fever in Erbil and could be diagnosed by the Rose Bengal Test taking into account the compatibility of clinical features with the positive result. The vaccination of livestock and boiling or pasteurization of milk are essential procedures to reduce the frequency of human brucellosis.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 85%

Epidemiological study of human brucellosis among febrile patients in Erbil-Kurdistan region, Iraq

Almashhadany

Zefenkey

Odhah

2022

J Infect Dev Ctries

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“…This study found that 12.6% of patients in Duhok City/Iraq were positive for probable brucellosis, while another study also in Duhok city, in 2017 reported a higher seroprevalence rate of 17.8%. 18 On the other hand, a lower seroprevalence 2808 rate (10.7%) during 2012 was reported in Erbil city, Iraq. 19 In both of these studies, the analyzed data for RBT were from RBT people suspected to have brucellosis.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 93%

Seroprevalence and Associated Risk Factors of Brucellosis Among Human Population in Duhok City, Iraq

Khalid¹

2023

IDR

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Brucellosis is a zoonotic disease that contributes to severe global health and economic issues. In this study, the Rose Bengal Test (RBT), a crucial diagnostic tool for brucellosis in Duhok city, was evaluated in order to offer updated epidemiological data on this disease. Patients and Methods: A total of 339 patients suffered from fever and seeking medical attention in the private medical health center in Duhok city, Iraq, were enrolled after taking ethical approval from committee at Faculty of Sciences, University of Zakho and a verbal consent from each enrolled patient for using his/her blood and data. The blood specimens were tested for Brucella spp. Antibodies using the RBT and blood cultures, followed by spp. determination. A questionnaire form was designed to detect the associated risk factors. Results: Prevalence of brucellosis was 12.6% among participants with a probable diagnosis and 10.3% among those with a confirmed diagnosis (positive blood culture). Most of the positive cases were between the ages of 20 to 40 years. A highly significant (P < 0.0001) association was found between brucellosis with both consuming raw milk and having contact with cattle. The most common species identified were Brucella melitensis (57.1%) and Brucella abortus (42.7%). Conclusion:Brucellosis is a significant cause of fever in the current study and can be detected using the RBT. Human brucellosis can be reduced by minimizing the chances of contact with cattle and consuming boiled or pasteurized milk.

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“…Childhood brucellosis infection was considered rare in the past, but more recent studies have shown that it is common among children in areas where brucellosis is endemic 25 . People aged 21-40 years were more infected in Saudi Arabia 26 , Kenya 21 , Iraq 27 , and Uganda 28 .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Infrared Thermography as an Adjunct Tool for the Diagnosis of Fracture in a Racing Buffalo Bull: A Case Report

Giggin

Jennes

Sainulabdeen

et al. 2023

J. Vet. Physiol. Pathol.

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Introduction: Lameness is a severe clinical issue in racing animals, which can severely affect their health. Therefore, identifying the cause of the lameness is a crucial step in its diagnosis. Animals with subclinical etiologies are difficult to be identified in field conditions. Infrared thermal imaging is an advanced diagnostic tool for locating the injury site. Although sports injuries are regular in buffalo bulls used for traditional racing in villages, fracture diagnosis is challenging when regular clinical examination, lameness evaluation, and palpation of suspected areas fail to detect a sign. Hence, infrared red thermography can accurately localize the lameness region and locate the radiography area. Timely intervention with this technological tool can prevent further aggravation of the condition and relieve pain in the animal. Case report: A 5-year-old buffalo bull was presented to the Teaching Veterinary Clinical Complex at Mannuthy, Thrissur, Kerala, India, on September 2021, with intermittent lameness exhibited in the right forelimb. However, the animal appeared healthy on detailed clinical, physiological, and hematological examinations. Using infrared thermal imaging, increased thermal activity was detected at the distal aspect of the right forearm region. The radiograph of the right forelimb revealed a hairline fracture in the distal part of the radius. The animal completely recovered after the treatment with non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs and rest for three months. Conclusion: Infrared thermography is a simple and non-invasive method to identify the diseased location based on its thermal activity. In the present study, the correct location of the fracture site was discovered using infrared thermography.

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The seroprevalence of human brucellosis in different age groups patients and other associated risk factors in Duhok, Iraq

Cited by 10 publications

References 22 publications

Epidemiological study of human brucellosis among febrile patients in Erbil-Kurdistan region, Iraq

Epidemiological study of human brucellosis among febrile patients in Erbil-Kurdistan region, Iraq

Seroprevalence and Associated Risk Factors of Brucellosis Among Human Population in Duhok City, Iraq

Infrared Thermography as an Adjunct Tool for the Diagnosis of Fracture in a Racing Buffalo Bull: A Case Report

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